DIGESTION & ABSORPTION

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 B 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Section-A

1.Match column I with column II and choose the correct option

Column-I Column- II
(A) Salivary amylase (1) Proteins
(B) Bile salts (2) Milk proteins
(C) Renin (3) Starch
(D) Pepsin (4) Lipids
(E) Steapsin (5) Emulsification of fats

A-5,B-4,C-1,D-2,E-3
A-2,B-3,C-4,D-5,E-1
A-2,B-4,C-3,D-1,E-5
A-3,B-5,C-2,D-1,E-4

2.Find out the correct match and choose the correct option

Column-I Column- II
(A) Hepatic lobule (1) Sub-mucosal glands
(B) Brunner’s glands (2) Base of villi
(C) Crypts of Leiberkuhn (3) Glisson’s capsule
(D) Sphincter of Oddi (4) Gall bladder
(E) Cystic duct (5) Hepato-pancreatic duct
(6) Serous glands

A-3,B-6,C-2,D-5,E-4
A-5,B-2,C-3,D-6,E-4
A-3,B-1,C-2,D-5,E-4
A-4,B-6,C-5,D-2,E-4

3.Which of the following is correct match for column I and column II?

Column-I Column- II
(A) Retinol (1) Inhibits oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids
(B) Tocoferol (2) Absorption of calcium ions
(C) Calciferol (3) Essential for maintenance of epithelial tissue
(D) Menadione (4) Helps in clotting of blood
(E) Ascorbic acid (5) Required for amino acid metabolism

A-3,B-2,C-4,D-5,E-1
A-2,B-3,C-1,D-4,E-1
A-3,B-1,C-2,D-4,E-1
A-4,B-1,C-2,D-3,E-1

4.What is the major site for the conversion of proteins into free amino acids?

Spleen
Liver
Intestine
Kidney

5.As you know that HCl is highly acidic (1.5 to 2.0 pH) in the stomach, however, the epithelium of the mucosa remains unaffected/undissolved. Why?

Mucous continues to lubricate the inner lining
Bicarbonates present in the gastric juices protect the linings
Both the above
None of the above

6.Which one of the following pairs of the kinds of cells and their secretion are correctly matches?

Oxyntic cells - A secretion with pH between 2.0 And 3.0
Alpha cells of islets - Secretion that decreases blood sugar level
Kupffer’s cells - A digestive enzyme that hydrolyses nucleic acids
Sebaceous glands - A secretion that evaporates for cooling

7.Chymotrypsin is produced by

Liver
Pancreas
Stomach
Duodenum

8.The gastric juice contains

Trypsin, pepsin, lipase
Pepsin, lipase, rennin
Pepsin, amylase, trypsin
Trypsin, pepsin, rennin

9.The innermost layer of human alimentary canal forms numerous finger-like projections in the small intestine which are known as

Villi
Rugae
Peyer’s patches
Both Villi & Rugae

10.Characteristic of mammalian liver is

Kupffer’s cells and leucocytes
Leucocytes and canaliculae
Glisson’s capsules and Kupffer’s cells
Glisson’s capsule and leucocytes

11.What are the various types of secretions that are mixed with the food to facilitate the digestion of food in the intestine?

Bile salts, bile pigment and gastric juices
Bile, pancreatic juices and intestinal juices
Bile, chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen
Bile salts, bile pigments and succus enterics

12.A young infant may be feeding entirely on mother’s milk, which is white in colour but the stools, which the infant passes out is quite yellowish. This yellow colour is due to

Intestinal juice
Bile pigments passed through bile juice
Undigested milk protein casein
Pancreatic juice poured into duodenum

13.The major site of protein breakdown to form free amino acids is in the environment of

Kidney
Spleen
Small Intestine
Bone-marrow

14.Which of the following is not a cause of indigestion?

Over eating
Anxiety
Over sleeping
Food poisioning

15.Starch is converted to maltose by the action of

Invertase
Amylase
Sucrose
Maltase

16.Pellagra is caused due to deficiency of

Niacin
Pantothenic acid
Tocopherol
Cyanocobalamin

17.Secretion of pancreatic juice is stimulated by

Gastrin
Secretin
Enterogasterone
Enterokinase

18.Which is the correct chronological order for food processing in human beings?

Ingestion of food → Digestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion (Undigested)
Ingestion → Assimilation → Digestion → Absorption → Egestion
Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Egestion → Assimilation
Digestion → Ingestion → Assimilation → Absorption → Egestion

19.Which of the following fatty acids is not synthesized in the human body?

Glycerol
Cholesterol
Linoleic acid
Both Glycerol & Cholesterol

20.Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of milk in infants?

Pepsin
Trypsin
Rennin
Various proteolytic enzyme

21.Read thoroughly the following statements concerning with the assimilation of food. Identify true and false statements and choose the correct option from the given codes
I. Conversion of amino acid into glucose and then into fat is irreversible reaction
II. During the conversion of amino acids into glucose, amino group of amino acids is removed
III. Excess of amino acids are converted into glucose and fats and thus are stored
IV. Excess of simple sugars are stored in the liver and muscle cells. The process is known as glycogenolysis
V. Process of gluconeogenesis occurs in the kidney and striped muscles

I, II, IV and V true while III is false
I, II, III and V are true while IV is false
I, II, III and IV are false while V is true
I, II and III are false while IV and V are true

22.The epithelial cells lining the stomach of vertebrates is protected from damage by HCl because

Hydrochloric acid is too dilute
The epithelial cells are resistant to the action of HCl
HCl is neutralized by alkaline gastric juice
The epithelial cells are covered with a mucous secretion

23.The Digestive enzyme that is not found in human pancreatic juice is

Nucleotidase
Nuclease
Trypsin
Lipase

24.With reference to a normal human being, which one of the following statements is not correct?

Human saliva is slightly alkaline
An adult human may secrete 1 to 1.5 litres of saliva per day
Saliva is secreted by six pairs of salivary glands in human beings
The salivary enzyme (ptyalin) breaks down cooked starch into maltose

25.The amount of bile released is proportional to the amount of

Fat in meal
Protein in meal
Carbohydrate in meal
All of these

26.The sphincter of Oddi found in man, guards the

Pancreatic duct
Hepatopancreatic duct
Bile duct
Cystic duct

27.Go through the following statements regarding the absorption of nutrients. Identify wheather they are true or false then choose the correct option accordingly
I. Absorption of monosaccharides, alcohol, some water and medicines like asprin occurs in the stomach
II. Fatty acids cannot be absorbed directly
III. Glycerol can reach into the blood and lymph directly
IV. Maximum absorption of water (90%) takes place in the small intestine
V. Large intestine and mouth are not the site of absorption

I, II and IV are true while III and V are false
I, II, III are true while IV and V are false
II, III and IV are false while I and V are true
I and II are false while III, IV and V are true

28.The accumulation of feaces in the rectum and distension of the rectal wall initiates the feeling of defecation due to

Enzymes
colonic muscles relaxation
Stretch Receptors
Bacterial action

29.Common bile duct is formed by the fusion of

Pancreatic duct and cystic duct
Pancreatic duct and hepatic duct
Pancreatic duct, hepatic duct and cystic duct
Hepatic duct and cystic duct

30.Which one of the following vitamin is water soluble as well as have antioxidant property?

Vitamin-C
Vitamin-$B_1$
Vitamin-P
Vitamin-$B_9$

31.The contraction of gall bladder is due to

Gastrin
Cholecystokinin
Secretin
Kinase

32.When breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food low in proteins and calories; the infants below the age of one year are likely to suffer from

Marasmus
Rickets
Kwashiorkor
Pellagra

33.Wisdom teeth in human is

$3^{rd}$ molar and 4 in number
$3^{rd}$ molar and 2 in number
$2^{nd}$ molar and 4 in number
$2^{nd}$ molar and 2 in number

34.Bile juice is stored in which organ of human body?

Gall bladder
Liver
Kidney
Pancreas

35.What is the main site of amino acids absorption in human’s small intestine?

Stomach
Caecum
Colon
Small Intestine

Section-B

36.Which one is a disorder of overnutrition?

Kidney and gall bladder stone
Scurvy and osteomalacia
Hypercholesterolemia and fluorosis
Vitamin-A toxicity and urine laden with ketone bodies

37.Which form of fats is absorbed into the intestinal cells?

Micelles
Chylomicrons
Fatty acids
Both Micelles and Chylomicrons

38.Read the statement A and B.
A. In human, small intestine is the longest portion of the alimentary canal.
B. Absorption of digested food requires a very large surface area.
Identify the correct choice on the two statements.

Statement A is correct, B is wrong
Statement A and B are both correct
Both the statements are wrong
Statement B is correct, A is wrong

39.Pylorus is present between

Small and large intestine
Pancreas and small intestine
Oesophagus and stomach
Stomach and duodenum

40.Which of the following is not a source of Vitamin-A?

Carrot
Mango
Apple
Yeast

41.Read the following statements regarding the digestive system and select the correct statement

Oesophagus passes through neck, thorax and diaphragm and open into stomach
Stomach is located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity
Stomach, a J-shaped organ is the longest organ of alimentary canal
Caecum, a small blind sac is a part of small intestine and host symbiotic bacteria

42.Acetylcholinesterase enzyme splits acetylcholine into

Acetone and choline
Acetic acid and choline
Aspartic acid and acetylcholine
Amino acid and choline

43.The malnutrition disease in man is

Cri-du-chat syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Potbelly syndrome
Edward’s syndrome

44.Which one of the following pairs of food components in humans reaches the stomach totally undigested?

Protein and starch
Starch and fat
Fat and cellulose
Starch and cellulose

45.Which one of the following combination of vitamins are synthesised by bacteria?

Vitamin-$B_{12}$ and K
Vitamin-$B_1$ and B
Vitamin-B and $B_{12}$
Vitamin-K and D

46.The pH value at which pepsin becomes inactive is

Below pH 2
Below pH 5
Above pH 3
Above pH 5

47.Vitamin necessary for normal functioning of liver, clotting of blood and preventing haemorrhage is

Tocopherol
Phylloquinone
Cyanocobalamin
Riboflavin

48.Absorption of fat occurs through the process of

Active transport
Passive transport
Osmosis
Simple diffusion

49.Which is not used up in human body?

Calcium
Phosphorus
Zinc
Barium

50.Identify, wheather the given nutrients are absorbed by the active transport, simple diffusion or facilitated transport
I. Glucose
II. Fructose
III. Vitamin-K
IV. Amino acids
Choose the correct option accordingly

I-Active transport ; II-Active transport ; III- Facilited ; IV-Simple diffusion
I- Facilited transport ; II-Simple diffusion ; III-Active transport ; IV-Active transport
I-Active transport ; II- Facilited transport ; III-Simple diffusion ; II-Active transport
I-Simple transport ; II-Simple transport ; III-Facilited transport ; IV-Active transport