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BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 B 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Section-A

1.Match the following columns

Column-I	Column- II
(A) Tidal Volume (TV)	(1) 1100 to 1200 mL
(B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)	(2) 1000 to 1100 mL
(C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)	(3) 2500 to 3000 mL
(D) Residual Volume (RV)	(4) 500 mL

A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4
A-4,B-1,C-2,D-3
A-4,B-3,C-1,D-2
A-4,B-3,C-2,D-1

2.Match the following columns

Column-I	Column- II
(A) Inspiratory Capacity (IC)	(1) Total air, a person can inspire after normal expiration
(B) Expiratory Capacity (EC)	(2) Maximal volume of the air, a person can breath in after a forced expiration
(C) Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)	(3) Volume of the air that will remain in lungs after a normal expiration
(D) Vital Capacity (VC)	(4) Total volume of air a person can expire after a normal inspiration

A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4
A-1,B-4,C-3,D-2
A-1,B-4,C-2,D-3
A-4,B-1,C-3,D-2

3.Match the following columns

Column-I	Column- II
(A) Earthworms	(1) Network of tubes
(B) Aquatic arthropods	(2) Lungs
(C) Molluscs	(3) Gills
(D) Terrestrial organisms	(4) Moist cuticle
(E) Insects

A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4,E-3
A-4,B-3,C-3,D-2,E-1
A-4,B-2,C-1,D-3,E-2
A-4,B-2,C-3,D-1,E-4

4.Match the following columns

Column-I	Column- II
(A) 20-25%	(1) Bicarbonates
(B) 70%	(2) RBC
(C) About 7%	(3) Plasma

A-1,B-2,C-3
A-3,B-2,C-1
A-2,B-1,C-3
A-2,B-3,C-1

5.Oxygen dissociation curve is

Sigmoid
Parabolic
Hyperbolic
Straight line

6.Left shift of oxyhaemoglobin curve is noticed under

Normal temperature and pH
Low temperature and high pH
Low pH and high temperature
Low pH and low temperature

7.The ventilation movements of the lungs in mammals is governed by

Diaphragm
Coastal muscles
Both of these
None of these

8.$O_2$ exchange with $CO_2$ by simple diffusion over the entire body surface takes place in
I. sponges
II. Coelenterates
III. Flatworms
Select the correct option to complete the given statement

I and II
II and III
I and III
All of the above

9.Humans have to maintain the moderate respiratory rhythms to suit the demands of the body. For fulfilling that purpose, we have the Respiratory rhythm centre in medualla = R
Pneumotaxic centre in pons = PT
Chemosensitive area in medulla = $C_1$
Peripheral chemoreceptors in aortic arch and carotid artery = $C_2$
Select the correct path for the regulation of respiration

a)
b)
c)
d)

10.In the given diagram, identify what is depicted by A,B and C
Choose the correct option

A-Air going out from lungs, B-Ribs and sternum relaxed, C-Volume of thorax increased
A-Air entering lungs, B-Ribs and sternum relaxed, C-Volume of thorax increased
A-Air entering lungs, B-Ribs and sternum raised, C-Volume of thorax increased
A-Air going out from lungs, B-Ribs and sternum relaxed, C-Volume of thorax decreased

11.Which of the following statements is not true?

The partial pressure of oxygen in deoxygenated blood is 40 mm Hg
The partial pressure of oxygen in oxygenated blood is 95 mm Hg
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolar air is 104 mm Hg
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in deoxygenated blood is 95 mm Hg
Each gas in the mixture exerts a part of the total pressure proportional to its concentration, ie, the partial pressure. This is denoted as p,e.g.,$p_{O_2},p_{CO_2}$.
Partial pressure (mm Hg) of respiratory gases

Gas	Inspired Air	Alveolar Air	Deoxygenated Blood	Oxygenated Blood	Expired Air
$O_2$	158	100	40	95	116
$CO_2$	0.3	40	46	40	32

12.During expiration, the diaphragm becomes

Normal
Flattened
Dome-shaped
Oblique

13.The movement of chloride ions into erythrocytes from the plasma to maintain osmotic balance during transport of gases is known as

Chlorination
Hamburger phenomenon
Bicarbonate shift
Carbon dioxide transport

14.I. $pO_2$ is the major factor which affects the binding of $CO_2$ with haemoglobin
II. $pCO_2$ is low and $pO_2$ is high in tissues
III. RBC contains a very high concentration of carbonic anhydrase
IV. Every 100 mL of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 4 mL of $CO_2$ to alveoli
Select the combination of right statements

I, III and IV
I, II and IV
I, II and III
II, III and IV
In tissues $pCO_2$ is high and $pO_$ is low
$pCO_2$ in tissues – 45 mm of Hg
$pO_2$ in tissues – 40 mm of Hg
Partial pressure of respiratory gases in-mm Hg

Gas	Inspired Air	Alveolar Air	Deoxygenated Blood	Oxygenated Blood	Expired Air
$O_2$	158	100	40	95	116
$CO_2$	0.3	40	46	40	32

15.A muscular transverse partition in mammals that separates thorax from abdomen is called

Diaphragm
Pharynx
Stomach
Duodenum

16.What is true about RBCs in humans?

They carry about 20-25 per cent of carbon dioxide
They transport 99.5 per cent of oxygen
They transport about 80 per cent oxygen only and the rest 20 per cent of it is transported in dissolved state in blood plasma
They do not carry carbon dioxide at all

17.Read the following statement and select the correct one

The $H^+$ released from carbonic acid combines with haemoglobin to form haemoglobinic acid
Oxyhaemoglobin of erythrocytes is alkaline
More than 70% of carbon dioxide is transferred from tissues to the lungs in the form of carbamino compounds
In a healthy person, the haemoglobin content is more than 25 gm per 100 mL

18.Partial pressure of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ in atmospheric airs compared to those in alveolar air is

$pO_2$-Higher,$pCO_2$-Lower
$pO_2$-Higher,$pCO_2$-Higher
$pO_2$-Lower,$pCO_2$-Lower
$pO_2$-Lower,$pCO_2$-Higher

19.Blood carries $CO_2$ mainly, in which form?

$Hb.CO_2$
$NaHCO_3$
Carbonic acid
$Hb.CO_2$ and CO

20.Breathing involves __A__ during which atmospheric air is drawn in and __B__ by which the alveolar air is released out.
Choose the correct option for A and B to complete the given NCERT statement

A-expiration; B-osmosis
A-expiration; B-inspiration
A-inspiration; B-expiration
A-inspiration; B-diffusion

21.Respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system comprises

Lungs and pleural membrane
Alveoli and their ducts
Bronchus and their protecting covering
Diaphragm and alveoli

22.Skin is an accessory organ of respiration in

Human
Frog
Rabbit
Lizard

23.Hypoxia is caused due to

Lesser $O_2$ in atmosphere
Lesser RBC in blood
Lesser $CO_2$ in atmosphere
Both Lesser $O_2$ in atmosphere and Lesser RBC in blood

24.Which vein contains the oxygenated blood in humans?

Cardiac vein
Hepato pancreatic vein
Portal vein
Pulmonary vein

25.The vital capacity of human lung is equal to

500 mL
4600 mL
5800 mL
2300 mL

26.Blood is a medium to transport $O_2$ and $CO_2$. About __A__ per cent of $O_2$ is transported by _B_ in the blood and the remaining _C_ per cent of $O_2$ is carried in a dissolved state through the _D_
Select the right options for A, B, C and D to the complete the given statement

A-50, B-RBC, C-50, D-plasma
A-97, B-RBC, C-3, D-plasma
A-90, B-RBC, C-10, D-plasma
A-80, B-RBC, C-20, D-plasma

27.A large proportion of oxygen is left unused in the human blood even after its uptake by the body tissues. This $O_2$

Raises the $p_{CO_2}$ of blood to 75 mm of Hg
Is enough to keep oxyhaemoglobin
Helps in releasing more $O_2$ to the epithelial tissues
Acts as a reserve during muscular exercises

28.Process of exchange of $O_2$ from the atmosphere with _A_ produced by the cells is called _B_, which is commonly known as _C_
Choose the appropriate options for the blanks A, B and C to complete the given NCERT statement

A-$H_2 O$, B-breathing, C-respiration
A-$O_2$, B-breathing, C-respiration
A-$CO_2$, B-breathing, C-respiration
A-$NO_2$, B-breathing, C-respiration

29.A chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre in the brain. This area is highly sensitive to

$CO_2$ concentration
$O_2$ concentration
$H^+$ concentration
Both $CO_2$ concentration and $H^+$ concentration

30.During swallowing, glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called _A_ to prevent the entry of food into larynx. Trachea is a straight tube extending up to _B_ cavity, which divides at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra into right and left primary _C_
Choose the correct option for A, B and C from the given four options to complete the above statement with reference to NCERT textbook

A-epiglottis, B-bronchi, C-bronchioles
A-epiglottis, B-mid thoracic, C-bronchi
A-epiglottis, B-hind thoracic, C-bronchi
A-epiglottis, B-pre thoracic, C-bronchi

31.Blood do not become acidic although it carries $CO_2$ because

$CO_2$ is continuously diffused though tissues
$CO_2$ combines with $H_2 O$ to form $H_2 CO_3$
In $CO_2$ transport, buffers plays an important role
$CO_2$ is absorbed by WBC

32.Carbonic anhydrase is found in

Blood
Plasma
Both of these
None of these

33.Which fact suggests that most oxygen is transported from lungs to the tissues combined with haemoglobin rather than dissolved in blood plasma?

Oxygen carrying capacity of whole blood is much higher than that of plasma and oxygen content of blood leaving the lungs is greater than that of blood entering the lungs
Haemoglobin can combine with oxygen
Oxyhaemoglobin can dissociate into haemoglobin and oxygen
Increase in carbon dioxide concentration decreases the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin

34.Effect of 2-3 DPG on the human blood is that

It increases the affinity of $O_2$ to haemoglobin
It decreases the affinity of $O_2$ to haemoglobin
It increases in the blood in plane areas
None of the above

35.Identify A,B,C,D and E in the given diagram of human respiratory system

Choose the correct option

A-Epiglottis, B-Trachea, C-Glottis, D-Diaphragm, E-Bronchiole
A-Glottis, B-Trachea, C-Bronchus, D-Diaphragm, E-Bronchiole
A-Adams apple, B-Trachea, C-Bronchus, D-Diaphragm, E-Bronchiole
A-Epiglottis, B-Trachea, C-Bronchus, D-Diaphragm, E-Bronchiole

Section-B

36.The partial pressure of $O_2$ is the highest in

Alveoli
Bronchi
Trachea
Tissues
Partial pressure of respiratory gases in-mm Hg

Gas	Inspired Air	Alveolar Air	Deoxygenated Blood	Oxygenated Blood	Expired Air
$O_2$	158	100	40	95	116
$CO_2$	0.3	40	46	40	32

37.Friction on the lungs surface reduces by

Double layered pleura
Single layered pleura
Ribs covering lungs
Mucous membrane surrounding the lungs

38.The solubility of $CO_2$ in the blood is

10-15 times higher than that of $O_2$
20-25 times higher than that of $O_2$
Slightly higher than that of $O_2$
Slightly lower than that of $O_2$

39.After deep inspiration, capacity of maximum expiration of lung is called

Total lung capacity
Functional residual capacity
Vital capacity
Inspiratory capacity

40.Asthma is caused by

Infection in the lungs
Infection in the trachea
Infection of the glottis
Spasm in the bronchioles and bronchi

41.Choose the correct option for A and B to complete the given data

Pressure of Gases	Systemic Veins	Systemic Arteries
$O_2$	40 mm Hg	95 mm Hg
$CO_2$	A	B

A-45 mm Hg; B-40 mm Hg
A-45 mm Hg; B-45 mm Hg
A-45 mm Hg; B-50 mm Hg
A-45 mm Hg; B-55 mm Hg
A-45 mm, B-40 mm.
Partial pressure of respiratory gases in-mm Hg

Gas	Inspired Air	Alveolar Air	Deoxygenated Blood	Oxygenated Blood	Expired Air
$O_2$	158	100	40	95	116
$CO_2$	0.3	40	46	40	32

42.Arrange the given steps of expiration in the sequence of event occurring first
I. Relaxation of the diaphragm and sternum
II. Reduction of the pulmonary volume
III. Expulsion of air from the lungs
IV. Increase in intra pulmonary pressure
Choose the correct option

I → II → III → IV
I → II → IV → III
IV → III → II → I
IV → II → III → I

43.Arrange the given steps by which the pulmonary volume increases in the sequence of events occurring first
I. Contraction of intercostal muscles
II. Lifting up of the ribs
III. Sternum causing an increase in the volume of the thoracic chamber in dorsoventral axis
IV. Contraction of the diaphragm which increases the volume of the thoracic chamber in antero-posterior axis
Choose the correct option

I → II → III → IV
IV → I → II → III
IV → I → III → II
I → III → IV → II

44.Blood analysis of a patient reveals an unusually high quantity of carboxyhaemoglobin content. Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be correct?

The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing usually high content of Carbon disulphide
The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing usually high content of Chloroform
The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing usually high content of Carbon dioxide
The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing usually high content of Carbon monoxide

45.Additional muscles in the __ impacts the ability of humans to increase the strength of inspiration and expiration
Complete the given NCERT statement with an appropriate option

Chest
Diaphragm
Abdomen
Lungs

46.In humans, right lung is divided into _A_ lobes and left lung is divided into _B_ lobes.
Choose the correct option for A and B to complete the given statement

A-3; B-2
A-2; B-3
A-2; B-2
A-3; B-4

47.Which of the following respiratory organs are present in spiders and scorpions?

Book lungs
Gills
Gill books
Lungs

48.Among vertebrates, _A_ use gills whereas reptiles, birds and mammals respire through the _B_. Amphibians like frogs can respire through _C_ also. Mammals have a well adapted respiratory system
Select appropriate choice for the blanks A, B and C to complete the given NCERT statement

A-fishes, B-lungs, C-gills
A-fishes, B-lungs, C-dry skin
A-fishes, B-lungs, C-moist skin
A-mammals, B-gills, C-moist skin

49.The thoracic chamber is formed dorsally by the _A_, ventrally by the _B_, laterally by the _C_ and on lower side by the dome-shaped _D_
Select the right choices for A, B, C and D to complete the given NCERT statement

A-vertebral column, B-sternum, C-ribs, D-diaphragm
A-vertebral column, B-ribs, C-sternum, D-diaphragm
A-diaphragm, B-ribs, C-sternum, D-vertebral column
A-ribs, B-diaphragm, C-sternum, D-vertebral column

50.Under normal conditions, what amount of $O_2$ is delivered by 100 mL of the oxygenated blood?

5 mL
4 mL
3 mL
2 mL