EXCRETION PRODUCTS & THEIR ELIMINATION

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 B 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Section-A

1.Match the excretory organs listed under column I with the animals given under column II. Choose the answer which gives the correct combination.

Column-I Column- II
(A) Nephridia (1) Hydra
(B) Malpighian tubules (2) Leech
(C) Protonephridia (3) Shark
(D) kidneys (4) Flatworms
(5) Cockroach


A-2,B-5,C-4,D-3
A-4,B-2,C-1,D-5
A-1,B-2,C-4,D-3
A-2,B-4,C-5,D-4

2.Match the following columns

Column-I Column- II
(A) Simple tubular forms (1) Annelids
(B) Complex tubular forms (2) Platyhelmenthes and Rotifers
(C) Protonephridia or Flame cells (3) Vertebrates
(D) Nephridia (4) Most in vertebrates

A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4
A-1,B-2,C-4,D-3
A-4,B-3,C-1,D-2
A-4,B-3,C-2,D-1

3.Match the following columns

Column-I Column- II
(A) ADH (1) Heart
(B) Renin (2) J G cells
(C) ANF (3) Neurohypophysis

A-1,B-2,C-3
A-3,B-2,C-1
A-1,B-3,C-2
A-3,B-1,C-2

4.Match the entries in column I with those in column II and choose the correct answer from the following columns.

Column-I Column- II
(A) Uremia (1) Excess of protein level in urine
(B) Hematuria (2) Presence of high ketone bodies in urine
(C) Ketonuria (3) Presence of blood cells in urine
(D) Glycosuria (4) Presence of glucose in urine
(E) Proteinuria (5) Presence of urea in urine

A-5,B-3,C-2,D-4,E-1
A-4,B-5,C-3,D-2,E-1
A-5,B-3,C-4,D-2,E-1
A-3,B-5,C-2,D-1,E-4

5.Large amount of water is _A_ from collecting duct to produce _B_ urine. This segment allows passage of small amounts of _C_ into interstitium of medulla to keep up the osmolarity.
Here, A, B and C refers to

A-secreted, B-dilute, C-sugar
A-secreted, B-dilute, C-$NH_3$
A-secreted, B-dilute, C-urea
A-reabsorbed, B-concentrated, C-urea

6.Choose the right option for A, B, C from given options



A-CNS, B-Motor message, C-Extraction
A-ANS, B-Motor message, C-Relaxation
A-PNS, B-Motor message, C-Extraction
A-CNS, B-Motor message, C-Relaxation

7.In which of the following regions of a nephron, does maximum reabsorption of useful substances takes place?

Henle’s loop
Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule

8.The urine is

Hypotonic to blood and isotonic in medullarly fluid
Hypertonic to blood and isotonic to medullarly fluid
Isotonic to blood and hypotonic to medullarly fluid
Isotonic to blood and hypertonic to medullarly fluid

9.Which of the following is right statement?
I. Angiotensin-II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases glomerular pressure and thereby GFR
II. Angiotensin-II activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
III. Aldosterone promotes reabsorption of Na^+ and water from the DCT and CT leading to an increase in GBP and GFR
IV. ANF causes vasoconstriction
Select right combination

I, II and III
I, II and IV
I, III and IV
II, III and IV

10.Among ammonia, uric acid and urea; which one needs the least amount of water to excrete?

Ammonia
Uric acid
Urea
Both Urea and Uric acid

11.Uricotelism is found in

Mammals and birds
Fishes and freshwater protozoans
Birds, reptiles and insects
Frogs and toads

12.Which of the following is not an excretory organ?

Liver
Book lungs
Kidney
Hepatopancreas

13.Vasa recta is minute vessel of Peritubular capillaries network, which is

Also known as juxta-glomerular apparatus
Running parallel to loop of Henle
Running parallel to PCT
Running parallel to DCT

14.What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?

Urine will not collect in the bladder
Micturition will continue
Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder
There will be no micturition

15.Glomerular area of adrenal cortex is responsible for

Water and electrolyte balance
Carbohydrate metabolism
Steroid and hormone secretion
Blood pressure

16.Antennary glands of crustaceans are meant for

Excretion
Respiration
Digestion
Circulation

17.Which of the following disorder is an outcome of irregularities in metabolism of the nitrogenous waste?

Osteoporosis
Gouty arthritis
Osteroarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis

18.All Bowman’s capsules of the kidney are found in

Pelvis
Medulla
Cortex
None of these

19.A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of

Fats
Ketones
Amino acids
Glucose

20.Out of the four parts given below, which parts play significant role in forming concentrated urine in human?
I. Loop of Henle
II. Glomerulus
III. Bowman’s capsule
IV. Vasa recta
The correct option is

I and II
III and IV
II and III
I and IV

21.Loop of Henle is associated with

Excretory system
Respiratory system
Reproductive system
Digestive system

22.PCT is lined by

Cuboidal epithelium
Squamous epithelium
Columnar epithelium
Stratified epithelium

23.The medullary gradient tis mainly caused by

NaCl and urea
$H^+$ and $K^+$
Urea and $K^+$
Urea and $H^+$

24.Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by _A_ (A fine branch of renal artery). Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an _B_
Select the correct option for A and B to complete the given NCERT statement

A-efferent atriole; B-afferent atriole
A-efferent atriole; B-efferent atriole
A-afferent atriole; B-afferent atriole
A-afferent atriole, B-efferent atriole

25.Angiotensin-II being a powerful _A_ increase the glomerular blood pressure and there by _B_. Angiotensin-II also activates the adrenal cortex to release _C_.
Find the correct for A, B and C

A-vasodilator, B-GFR, C-vasopressin
A-vasodilator, B-GFR, C-aldosterone
A-vasoconstrictor, B-GFR, C-aldosterone
A-vasoconstrictor, B-GFR, C- vasopressin

26.Osmoregulation is the function of

Oxytocin
ADH
Prolactin
Both Oxytocin and ADH

27.Ammonia or urea are the waste products, which are derived from

Proteins
Carbohydrate
Lipids
Fats

28.Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?
Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorption $ HCO_3$
Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes

29.Which term is used both for a part of kidney and a part of skeleton in the mammals?

Centrum
Pelvis
Cortex
Medulla

30.Among ammonia, uric acid and urea, which one is the most soluble?

Ammonia
Uric acid
Both Ammonia and Uric acid
Urea

31.The waste products produced in man which need excretion are?

Carbon dioxide
Urea and salts
Excess of water
All of these

32.Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in the

Proximal tubule
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
Loop of Henle

33.In the glomerulus of the nephron, the afferent arteriole is

Narrower than efferent arteriole
Wider than efferent arteriole
Of some diameter as efferent arteriole
Of same diameter as vasa-recta

34.Haemodialysis helps in patient having

Anaemia
Uremia
Goitre
Diabetes

35.Which is not correct with respect to human kidney?

The peripheral region is called cortex and central medulla
Malpighian capsule are present in the cortex region
Blood enters glomerulus through efferent arterioles
The concave part of kidney is called hilus

Section-B

36.Which one is related to urine concentration in mammals?

Testosterone hormone
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin hormone
All of these

37.The vital morphological and physiological units of mammalian kidney are

Ureters
Uriniferous tubule
Nephridia
Seminiferous tubules

38.Aldosterone causes reabsorption of _A_ from distal part of tubule. This leads to increase in _B_
Here A and B refers to

A-$Na^+$; B – GFR
A-water; B-GFR
Both A-$Na^+$; B – GFR and A-water; B-GFR
A-$Cl^-$; B-GFR

39.Loop of Henle is meant for the absorption of

Potassium
Glucose
Water
Carbon dioxide

40.Major nitrogenous waste product in ureotelic animals like rabbit and other mammals is

Uric acid
Urea
Ammonia
Amino acids

41.Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid?

Convoluted tubules
Collecting ducts
Henle’s loop
Peritubular capillaries

42.Choose the correct statements

Sebaceous gland eliminate sterols, hydrocarbons, waxes
Secretion of sebaceous gland provide oily protective covering of skin
Small amount of nitrogenous wastes eliminated through saliva
All of the above

43.Study the given structure of a nephron and match the level A, B, C and D with the given statement I, II, III and IV. Then choose the correct option from the codes given below


I. Podocyte are present through which filterate generated
II. Glomerulus filtrate is concentrate in descending limb of loop of Henle
III. Glomerular filtrate is diluted in ascending limb of loop of Henle
IV. Juxtra-glomerular apparatus is found

A-I,B-II,C-III,D-IV
A-I,B-II,C-IV,D-III
A-II,B-III,C-I,D-IV
A-III,B-II,C-IV,D-I

44.Inner to the hilum of the kidney, there is a broad funnel-shaped space called

Renal pelvis
Medulla
Cortex
Adrenal gland

45.Gout is a condition in which

High level of urine in blood is found
High level of urea in blood is found
High level of uric acid in blood is found
All of the above

46.Choose the correct option from given statement
I. Glomerular filtrationrate is 125 mL/min
II. Ultrafiltration is opposed by colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma
III. Tubular secretion takes place in loop in Henle
IV. Tubular secretion takes place in glomerulus
V. Aldosterone induces greater sodium reabsorption
The correct option is

III, IV and V
I, IV and V
I, II and V
I, II and III

47.Which one of the following statements is false?

Presence of albumin in urine is albuminuria
Presence of glucose in urine is glycosuria
Presence of ketone sugar in urine is Ketonuria
Presence of excess urea in Urine is uremia

48.A fall in GFR activate _A_ to release _B_, which converts angiotensinogen in blood to _C_ and further to _D_
Choose the correct option for A, B, C, D from given options

A-JG cells, B-renin, C-angiotensin-I, D-angiotensin-II
A-renin, B-JG cells, C-angiotensin-I, D-angiotensin-II
A-renin, B-JG cells, C-angiotensin-II, D-angiotensin-I
A-JG cells, B-angiotensin, A-renin-I, D-angiotensin-II

49.Identify A to E in the given structure and choose the correct option accordingly



A-Ureter, B-Inferior vana cava, C-Dorsal aorta, D-Urethra, E-Medulla
A-Ureter, B-Inferior vana cava, C-Dorsal aorta, D-Pelvis, E-Urethra
A-Ureter, B-Inferior vana cava, C-Dorsal aorta, D-Urethra, E-Pelvis
A-Ureter, B-Inferior vana cava, E-Pelvis, D-Dorsal aorta, E-Urethra

50.Excretion of bile pigments in the urine indicates

Rickets
Jaundice
Diabetes
Anaemia