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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

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Section-A

1.In mushroom, gills are meant for

Respiration
Nutrition
Bears spores which help in reproduction
Enhancing buoyancy
In mushroom, gills are concerned with reproduction. The edges of the gills are made up of a fertile layer, the hymenium. The hymenium consists of club-shaped basidia, which bear basidiospores.

2.Which of the following is not characteristic of Gram positive bacteria?

Cell wall is smooth
Mesosomes are distinctive prominent
Basal body of flagellum contains two rings
Murein content of cell wall is 70-80%
In 1884, a Danish Biologist, Christian Gram developed a stain, which revealed that bacteria can be divided into two natural groups, i.e., Gram positive and Gram negative due to differences in their cell wall structure. The outer membrane is present in Gram positive bacteria.

3.Lichen is the association of

Protista and algae
Fungi and bacteria
Protista and fungi
Algae and fungi
Lichen is a composite organism formed by the symbiotic association of a green alga or a cyanobacterium and a fungus, usually from the Ascomycota or Basidiomycota

4.Name the fungus that is edible.

Penicillium
Mucor
Rhizopus
Morchella
Morchella esculentais an edible fungus grown in Punjab and Kashmir. Mushrooms are preferred for food, as these have a large amount of protein (21-30%) and are also rich in vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals and amino acids.

5.Protozoans are

Heterotrophs
Autotrophs
Producer
Saprophytes
All protozans are heterotrophs and live as the perdators or parasites

6.Trypanosoma causes

Sleeping sickness
Cholera
Malaria
Food poisoning
Trypanosome gambiense was first observed by Forde in 1901. Fruce discovered that the parasite of sleeping sickness is transmitted by tse-tse fly. It causes gambian sleeping sickness

7.In Deuteromycetes, the mycelium is

Septate and branched
Septate and unbranched
Coenocytic
Multinucleated
In Deuteromycetes, the mycelium is septate and branched. Coenocytic forms are not known

8.Certain bacteria living in the soil poor in oxygen, convert nitrates into nitrites and then to free nitrogen and such bacteria are termed as

Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Denitrifying bacteria
Ammonifying bacteria
Saprophytic bacteria
The denitrifying bacteria reduce the nitrates and the ammonium salts to free nitrogen which escapes into the atmosphere. e.g.,Bacillus denitrificans. This process decreases fertility of the soil.

9.Which of the following bacteria are responsible for the production of biogas from the dung of cows and buffaloes?

Thermoacidophiles
Halophiles
Methanogen
Cyanobacteria
Methanogens occurs in marshy areas where they convert formic acid and carbon dioxide into methane with the help of hydrogen. This capability is commercially exploited in the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of cows and buffaloes

10.A kingdom common to unicellular animals and plants is

Monera
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
R H Whittakerdivided living organisms into five kingdoms viz, monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Kingdom-Protista includes eukaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic or heterotrophic organisms (both plants and animals) like flagellates, diatoms, dinoflagellates, slime moulds, sarcodina, etc. Themajor groups of Protista are photosynthetic protists (algae), consumer-decomposer protists (slime moulds) and protozoan protists.

11.Mucus and Rhizopus are included in the class

Ascomycetes
Phycomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Deuteromycetes
Mucor (dung mould) and Rhizopus (black bread mould) are included in class-Phycomycetes. Both are the common saprotrophic fungi, that attack a variety of food stuffs

12.Amoeboid protozoans
I. live in freshwater, sea water or moist soil
II. has pseudopodia for locomotion and capturing prey
III. have silica shells on their surface in marine forms
Which of the statements given above are correct?

I and II
I and III
II and III
I, II and III
Amoeboid protozoans lives in freshwater, sea water moist soil, They move and capture their prey by putting out pseudopodia. Marine amoeboid protozoans have silica shells on their surface

13.Which is correct?

RNA is genetic material of bacteria
RNA is genetic material of all virus
DNA is genetic material of some organism
Some virus has RNA as genetic material
Some viral families (Picornaviridae, Togaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Reoviridae, Retroviridae, etc) contain RNA (either single or double stranded) as their genetic material.

14.HIV is classified as a retrovirus because its genetic information is carried in

DNA instead of RNA
DNA
RNA instead of DNA
Protein coat
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus. The name retrovirus comes from the fact that it has two single strands of genomic RNA and enzymereverse transcriptase which converts virus RNA into a single strand of DNA.

15.Consider the following statements
I. All prokaryotic organism were grouped together under kingdom-Monera
II. The unicellular eukaryotic organism were placed in kingdom-Protista
III. Chlorella and Chlamydomonas, both were having cell walls
IV. Paramecium and Amoeba lack cell walls
V. Kingdom-Protista has brought together Chlamydomona,Chlorella with Paramecium and Amoeba
Which of the statements give above are correct?

I, II, III and IV
II, III, IV and V
I, II, III and IV
I, II III, IV and V
The kingdom-Monera includes all prokaryotes-mycoplasma, bacteria, Actinomycetes and cyanobacteria or blue-green algae. All unicellular eukaryotic organisms were placed in kingdom-Protista. Kingdom Protista has brought together Chlmydomonas, Chlorella (earlier placed in algae within plants and both having cell walls) with Paramecium and Amoeba, which were earlier placed in the animal kingdom, which lacks cell wall. It has put together organisms, which, in earlier classification were placed in different kingdoms. This happened because the criteria for classification changed. This kind of changes will take place in future too depending on the improvement in our understanding of characteristics and evolutionary relationships. Overtime, an attempt has been made to evolve a classification system which reflects not only the morphological, physiological and reproductive similarities, but is also phylogenetic, i.e., is based on evolutionary relationships

16.Ascomycetes is commonly known as

Toad stool
Sac fungi
Imperfect fungi
Bracket fungi
Ascomycetes are commonly known as sac fungi, due to their sac-like appendage that holds the spores.
The Ascomycetes are unicellular, e.g., yeast or multicellular, e.g., penicillium

17.In protozoans like Ameoba and Paramecium, which of the following organelle is found for osmoregulation?

Contractile vacuole
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Food vacuole
Unicellular organisms such as Amoeba,Paramecium use organelles called contractile vacuoles for osmoregulation.

18.Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Is caused by a variant of Pneumococcus pneumoniae
Is caused by a variant of the common cold virus (corona virus)
Is an acute form of asthma
Affects non-vegetarians much faster than the vegetarians
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) spreads recently in China, Hongkong and Singapore, is a viral disease caused by paramyxo virus.

19.Which of the following is not a character of Protista?

Protists are prokaryotic
Some protists have cell walls
Mode of nutrition is both autotrophic and heterotrophic
Body organization is cellular
Kingdom-Protista includes all unicellular eukaryotic organisms like flagellates, diatoms, dinoflagellates, slime moulds, sarcodina etc.

20.Asexual reproduction in fungi occurs by

Ascospores
Conidia
Basidiospores
Oospores
Conidia are the means of asexual reproduction in fungi. In some fungi, the spores are not formed inside a sporangium. They are born freely on the tips of special branches called conidiophores. The spores thus formed are called conidia. On the basis of development, two types of conidia are recognized, i.e., thallospores and blastospores or true conidia

21.Select the false statement

Scientists who study and contribute to the classification of organisms are known as systematic
Carolus Linnaeus developed the first scientific system of naming species
A five kingdom arrangement of organisms was introduced by R H Whittaker
Phycomycetes are called club fungi because of a club-shaped end of mycelium known as basidium
‘Club Fungi’ is the common name given to the fungi of class-Basidiomycetes because of club-shaped end of mycelium knows as basidium.

22.Black rust of wheat is a fungal disease caused by

Melamspora lint
Claviceps purpurea
Albugo candida
Puccinia graminis tritici
Puccinia graminis triticibelongs to class-Basidiomycetes. It causes black rust of wheat.

23.In which of the following patterns of viral replication, viruses enter a cell, replicate and then cause the cell to burst, releasing new viruses?

Lytic
Lysogenic
Repreogenic
Both Lytic and Lysogenic
In the lytic cycle, a virus enters a cell and causes it to produce viral nucleic acid and protein coats. After this viral parts are assembled, the new virus particles may burst from the host cell or may leave the host cell by budding. In the lysogenic cycle, viruses enter into a long-term relationship with the cells they infect, their nucleic acid replicate as the cells multiply

24.Plasmogamy is the fusion of

Two haploid cells including their nuclei
Two haploid cells without nuclear fission
Sperm and egg
Sperm with two polar nuclei
Plasmogamy is the fusion of two haploid cells without nuclear fission

25.Yeast and Penicillium are the example of class

Phycomycetes
Ascomycetes
Deuteromycetes
Basidiomycetes
Morels, truffles, yeast and Penicillium are all examples of class-Ascomycetes. Yeast is single cell member of class-Ascomycetes.
Penicillium is a genus of fungi, commonly growing as green or blue moulds on decaying food, used in making medicine (antibiotics)

26.Which of the following is a bacterial disease?

Rust of wheat
Potato leaf roll
Sugarcane mosaic
Brown rot of potato
Brown rot of potato-Pseudomonas solanacearum
Rust of wheat-Puccinia graminis
Potato leaf roll-Potato leaf roll virus
Sugarcane mosaic-Sugarcane virus-I

35.In the five kingdom classification, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella are included in

Plantae
Algae
Protista
Monera
In the five-kingdom classification, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella have been included kingdom-Protista

28.Mycorrhiza promotes plant growth by

Absorbing inorganic ions from soil
Helping the plant in utilizing atmospheric nitrogen
Protecting the plant from infection
Serving as plant growth regulator
The fungal mycelium of mycorrhiza in soil plays a highly important role in absorbing and transferring inorganic (mineral) ions, especially phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil to the plant.

29.The accumulated food reserve in fungi is

Protein
Starch
Glycogen
Fat
The accumulated food reseve in fungi is glycogen.

30.A bacterium which is capable of utilizing the most abundantly available gas in the atmosphere for one of its metabolic pathways, but cannot utilize the second most abundantly available for its another metabolic pathway is

Azotobacter
Clostridium
Rhodomicrobium
Xanthomonas
Atmosphere contains
$N_2$=78% (most abundant available gas)
$O_2$=21% (second most abundant gas)
Clostridium is an anaerobic bacterium, which does not require O_2 for respiration but it can fix atmospheric nitrogen (most available atmospheric gas)

31.Heterocysts present in Nostoc are specialised for

Photosynthesis
Food storage
Nitrogen fixation
Fragmentation
Nitrogen fixation
Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll-a, similar to green plants and are photosynthetic autotrophs. Some of these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in toe specialized cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and Anabaena

32.Among rust, smut and mushroom, all the three

Are pathogens
Are saprobes
Bear ascocarps
Bear basidiocarps
Basidiomycetes include not only the mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, jelly fungi and shelf fungi, but also many important plant pathogens among the groups called rusts and smuts. All these fungi bear characteristic fruiting bodies called basidiocarps.

33.Choose the correct sequence of stages of growth curve for bacteria

Lag, log, stationary, decline phase
Lag, log, stationary phase
Stationary, lag, log, decline phase
Decline, lag, log phase
When microbes are grown in a closed system or batch culture, the resulting growth curve has usually four phases : lag phase, exponential (log phase), stationary phase and death phase

34.Members of Phycomycetes are found
I. In aquatic habitats
II. on decaying wood
III. in moist and damp places
IV. as obligate parasite on plants
Which of the statements given above are correct?

I and II
I, II and III
II, III and IV
I, II, III and IV
Members of Phycomycetes are found in aquatic habitats and on decaying wood, in moist and damp places or as obligate parasites on plants

35.Analyse the following statements and identify the correct option given below.
I. Viruses that infects plants have single-stranded RNA and viruses that infects animals have either single or double-stranded RNA or double stranded DNA
II. Bacterial viruses or bacteriophase are usually single-stranded RNA viruses

I is true, but II is false
I is false, but II is true
I and II are true
I and II are false
Statement I is true, but II is false.
Bacterial viruses or bacteriophase have commonly double stranded DNA but all the other genome types also occur in them

Section-B

36.Viroids have

ssRNA not enclosed by protein coat
ssDNA not enclosed by protein coat
dsDNA enclosed by protein coat
dsRNA enclosed by protein coat
Viroids are small, single stranded, circular RNA molecules not enclosed by protein coat. They were discovered by T O Diener in 1971. Viroid replication requires host encoded RNA polymerase

37.Viruses are also known as

Nucleoprotein particle
Virion
Lipoprotein particles
Core
The nucleic acid of virus is surrounded by a protein shell called capsid

38.Which one of the following is wrongly matched?

Puccinia– Smut
Root – Exarch protoxylem
Cassia– Imbricate aestivation
Root pressure – Guttation
Pucciniais commonly called rust fungus. Smut is Ustilago. Both rust and smut belong to the class-Basidiomycetes.

39.____ give the name virus, which means venom or poisonous fluid
Fill in the blank

Pasteur
MW Beijerinck
Stanley
Robert Hook
The name virus that means venous or poisonous fluid was given by Pasteur. DJ Ivanowsky (1892) recognised certain microbes as causal organism of the mosaic disease of tobacco

40.Contractile vacuole is absent in

Sporozoa
Sarcodina
Zooflagellate
Slime moulds
Contractile vacuoles and food vacuoles are absent in the class-Sporozoa.

41.The protein coat of virus is called capsid, which is made up of small sub-units called __A__ which protects the __B__
Identify A and B and complete the given statement

A-capsomeres, B-nucleic acid
A-collar, B-cytoplasm
A-outer envelope, B-nucleus
A-inner envelope, B-nucleic acid
The protein coat of virus is called capsid which is made up of small subunits called capsomeres (A), which protects the nucleic acid (B)

42.Enzymes are absent in

Algae
Plants
Virus
Bacteria
Viruses are without necessary metabolic enzymes, hence free viruses are inert particles incapable of any vital activities and use host machinery regarded as obligate parasite and have characteristic of both living and nonlivings.

43.Free living, aerobic, non-photosynthetic, nitrogen fixing bacterium is

Azotobacter
E.coli
Nostoc
Salmonella
Azotobacteris free-living, aerobic non-photosynthetic nitrogen fixing bacterium. Nostocis free living and symbiotic photosynthetic nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria.

44.In which kingdom, would you classify the archaea and nitrogen-fixing organisms, if the five kingdom system of classification is used

Protista
Monera
Plantae
Fungi
$N_2$- fixing organisms (eubacteria/cyanobacteria) as well as Archea are prokaryotes, hence classified among Monera of five kingdom concept proposed by Whittaker.

45.Which of the following is a non-hyphal unicellular fungus?

Yeast
Puccinia
Ustilago
Alternaria
Yeast are unicellular, degenerated, non-mycelial, saprophytic fungi possessing no hyphae. But sometimes, chain of buds is formed during rapid growth, which may give false appearance of a mycelium and called as pseudomycelium

46.The autonomously independent self-replicating extra nuclear DNA imparting certain factors to some bacterium is called

Plastid
Plasmid
Phagemid
Cosmid
Plasmid is a small, autonomously independent, self-replicating extranuclear DNA, imparting certain factors to some bacterium. It is carried by the bacterium in addition to its genomic DNA.

47.Reproduction in most of the bacteria is by a process known as

Binary fission
Budding
Sexual
Sporulation
Bacteria are prokaryotic microscopic, unicellular cell wall bearing organisms, which contain bacteriochloropyll. Majority of the bacteria multiply by transverse binary fission, in which a single cell is divided into two equal sized cells by developing a cell wall.

48.Enveloped virus enters into host cells by

Injecting own nucleic acid inside host cells
By contact with cell receptor and endocytosis
By phagocytosis
Fusion with the plasma membrane of host
Some viruses have a lipid bilayer membrane around them,i.e., enveloped viruses, while the other viruses are naked. During penetration within a host, fusion with the host membrane is preferred and endocytosis is preferred by naked viruses.

49.Fungi are divided into four classes on the basis of

Morphology of the mycelium
Mode of spore formation
Fruiting bodies
All of the above
The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation and fruiting forms, the basis for the division of the kingdom into four classes
(i) Phycomycetes (ii) Ascomycetes (iii) Basidiomycetes (iv) Deuteromycetes

50.Which one is the most abundant microorganism?

Algae
Viruses
Protists
Bacteria
Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms. A handful of soil may contain hundreds and thousands of them