MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 B 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Section-A

1.Assertion: Gene expression is a molecular mechanism by which a gene expresses a phenotype.
Reason: Structural genes are controlled by control genes.


Both Assertion & Reason are True & the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
Both Assertion & Reason are True but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
Assertion is True but the Reason is False.
Both Assertion and Reason are False.

2.One gene-one enzyme hypothesis was experimentally proved on

Saccharomyces
Neurospora crassa
Lathyrus Odoratus
Claviceps

3.A distinct mechanism that usually involves a short segment of DNA with a remarkable capacity to move from one location in a chromosome to another is called

DNA Replication
DNA hybridization
DNA Recombination
DNA Transposition

4.The regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes
A. Lactose acts as the suppressor for gene expression in Lac operon.
B. Tryptophan acts as the inducer for gene expression in tryptophan operon
C. In lac operon the i gene produces the repressor protein.

Only A is correct
Only B is Correct
Only C is correct
Both B and A are Correct

5.Select the two correct statements out of the four (I-IV) given below about Lac operon.
I. Glucose or galactose may bind with the repressor and inactivate it.
II. In the absence of lactose, the repressor binds with the operator region.
III. The z-gene codes for permease.
IV. This was elucidated by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod.
The correct statements are

II and III
I and III
II and IV
I and II

6.Which of the following events would occur in 'Lac-operon' of E. coil when the growth medium has high concentration of lactose?

The structural genes fail to produce polycistronic mRNA
The repressor protein binds to RNA polymerase and prevents translation.
The repressor protein attches to the promoter sequence and derepresses the operator.
The inducer molecule binds to repressor protein and RNA polymerase binds to promoter sequence.

7.Fill in the blanks and select the option with all the right answers.
RNA being a__(a)____ was reactive and hence___(b)____. Therefore, DNA has evolved from RNA with ____(c)____ modifications that make it more___(d)____

(a) – Ribozyme; (b) – Stable ; (c) – Physical; (d) - preferred
(a) – Enzyme; (b) – Unstable ; (c) – Natural; (d) - Better
(a) – Adapter; (b) – Stable ; (c) – Chemical; (d) - Unstable
(a) – Catalyst; (b) – Unstable ; (c) – Chemical; (d) - Stable

8.Assertion: RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence
Reason: RNAi was used to prevent tobacco plants from a nematode pathogen causing root-knot disease

Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason are the correct explanation of assertion
Assertion and Reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
Assertion is true but Reason is False
Assertion is False but Reason is true

9.Stability as one of the properties of genetic material was very evident in

Griffith’s Transforming Principle
Hershey and chase Experiment
Messelson and Stahl’s centrifugation techniques
Taylor’s Experiment

10.Hershey and Chase experiment was precisely aimed to

Use Radioactive compound for DNA as genetic material
prove that proteins and not DNA enters the bacterium as genetic material
Known as to which component of virus is injected into bacterial cell and which is not.
Study the incorporation of $P^{32}$ and $S^{35}$ isotopes

11.The experimental conclusions of Avery, Macleod and McCarty were:
a) DNA is the hereditary material,
b) Proteases and RNases did not affect transformation
c) Digestion with DNases did inhibit transformation.
The correct choice is

a,b and c
a and c only
a and b only
b and c only

12.Assertion: DNA is more stable while RNA is more reactive.
Reason: DNA was first discovered by Watson and Crick (1953).

Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason are the correct explanation of assertion
Assertion and Reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
Assertion is true but Reason is False
Assertion is False but Reason is true

13.The ‘beads on String’ structure which seen under EM are

Histone Octamer
Nucleosome
Chromatin
Chromatin Fibres

14.Identify the incorrect statement
(a) The length of DNA is usually defined as the number of Nucleotides or base pairs present in it.
(b) In DNA, every Nucleotide residue has an additional –OH group present at the 2´ position in the deoxyribose
(c) Nuclein was discovered and named by Friedrich Meisher in 1969
(d) Adenine pair with Thymine; Guanine pair with Cytosine through H- bonds. This makes one strand complementary to the other.
(e) The Proposition of a double helical model of DNA was also based on the observation of Erwin Chargaff

b,c and e
b, c and d
c and e only
b and c only

15.Read (i) to (v) and find the correct option.
(i) Nitrogen base is linked to pentose sugar through N-glycosidic linkage.
(ii) Phosphate group is linked to 5'-OH of a nucleoside through phosphoester linkage.
(iii) Two nucleosides are linked through 3'-5' N-glycosidic linkage.
(iv) Negatively charged DNA is wrapped around positively charged histone octamer to form nucleosome
(v) Chromatin that is more densely packed and stains dark is called euchromatin.

(i) and (ii) are wrong
(iv) alone is wrong
(iii) and (v) are wrong
(i) alone is wrong

16.Reverse Transcript is

RNA dependent RNA Polymerase
DNA dependent RNA polymerase
DNA dependent DNA Polymerase
RNA dependent DNA Polymerase

17.Protein synthesis in an animal cell takes place

In the Cytoplasm as well as Mitochondria
Only on Ribosomes attached to nucleus
Only in the Cytoplasm
In the Nucleolus as well as in the cytoplasm

18.There are 20% adenine among the bases in a DNA fragment measuring 6.8 nm in length. The number of pentose, nitrogen base pairs, phosphate groups and hydrogen bonds in this DNA fragment are respectively.

52, 20, 20, 40
40, 52, 40, 20
20, 40, 52, 40
40,20,40, 52

19.Assertion: Euchromatin is transcriptionally active part of chromatin.
Reason: Darkly stained region of chromatin is Euchromatin.

Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason are the correct explanation of assertion
Assertion and Reason are correct but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
Assertion is true but Reason is False
Assertion is False but Reason is true

20.(A) Histone octamer is made up of 5 types of Histone protein
(B) A typical nucleosome contains 200 bp of DNA Helix
(C) Histones are organized to form a unit of eight molecules called as histone octamer
(D) The negatively charged DNA is wrapped around the positively charged histone octamer to form a structure called nucleosome.
How many statements are correct?

1
2
3
4

21.Watson and Crick proposed certain features for the double-helical model of the structure of DNA. Which of the following is not a feature of the double-helical structure of DNA?

Two chains are anti-parallel to each other
Nitrogen bases of two strands are complementary and paired through covalent bonds
Each DNA strand is made up of Nucleotides
Nitrogen bases are present towards inner side of double helix

22.A molecular biologist analysed a nucleic acid sample and found that it contained the $N_2$ bases in the following proportion A = 20%, T = 15%, C = 35%, G = 30%. This data indicates that

Nucleic acid in the sample is single stranded DNA
Nucleic acid in the sample is double stranded DNA
Nucleic acid in the sample is double stranded RNA
Nucleic acid in the sample is single stranded RNA

23.A, B, C and D are related with

A- Replication; B- transcription; C- teminism; D- Reverse Transcription
A-Replication; B- Transcription; C- Translation; D-Central Dogma.
A- Reverse Trnscription; B- Translation; c- Transcription; D- Transposon.
A-Replication: B- Transcription; C-Translation; D-Reverse Transcription

24.The number of phosphodiester bonds in a double stranded DNA molecule

is two more than the phosphoester bonds
is one less than the phosphoester bonds
is one more than the phosphorester bonds
is two less than the phosphoester bonds

25.DNA shows more structural stability because:
a) It has two chains with complementarity
b) 2' OH is absent in the nucleotides
c) it is not catalytic
The correct choice is

a, b and c
a and c only
a and b only
b and c only

26.Identify X and Y in the newly synthesized polypeptide chain given below


X = -NH2 ; Y = -COOR
X = -NH2 ; Y = -COOH
X = -COOH; Y = -NH2
X = -COOR; Y = -NH2

27.A diploid cell of an organism has 8.4 × $10^{10}$ base pairs. The length of the total DNA could be

28.56 m
28.56 Å
2.86 m
2.86 mm

28.In a 3.2 Kbp long pieces of DNA, 820 adenine bases were found. What would be the number of cytosine bases?

2380
1560
740
1480

29.Which one of the following statements is incorrect about the properties of DNA?

DNA is denatured when heated upto 700 C
DNA shows high absorption of UV radiation at 260 nm
DNA Directly participates in the protein synthesis
Pyrimidines of DNA are cytosine and thymine

30.In a DNA molecule, the adenine is 15%. What will be the percentage of guanine in this DNA?

15%
35%
70%
30%

31.Identify the correct statement.
1. RNA polymerase associates transiently with 'Rho' factor to initiate transcription.
2. In bacteria transcription and translation takes place in the same compartment.
3. RNA polymerase I is responsible for transcription of tRNA.
4. When hnRNA undergoes capping process, adenylate residues are added at 3' end in a template | independent manner
5. hnRNA is precursor of mRNA

2 only is correct
2,3 and 5 only is correct
3 and 4 only are correct
2 and 5 only are correct

32.In the process of hn RNA tailing involves the attachment of

Adenylate residues at 4’ end of hn RNA in a template dependent manner
Adenylate residues at 5’ end of hn RNA in a template independent manner
Adenylate residues at 3’ end of hn RNA in a template independent manner
Guanosine residues at 2’ end of hn RNA in a template independent manner

33.Identify A, B, C, D in the following representation of m-RNA of eukaryotes


A- UTR, B-Cap, C- Poly A, D- UTR
A-Cap, B-UTR, C- Poly A, D- UTR
A-Cap, B-UTR, C-UTR, D-Poly A
A-Cap; B-Poly A; C- Initiator; D- Terminator

34.Choose the correct statements with respect to transcription.
I) Only one of the strands of DNA is transcribed to form RNA at the transcription site
II) All transcriptions lead to translations
III) Eukaryotes have only one type of transcriptase
IV) Transcription is DNA dependent process

I, II
III, IV
I, IV
II, III

35.Match the following

Column-I Column-II
a) Eukaryotic DNA (i) ends in ACC
b) Prokaryotic DNA (ii) ends in G
c) 5’ site of tRNA (iii) Polycistronic
d) 3’ site of tRNA (iv) Monocistronic

a – (i); b – (ii);c – (iii);d – (iv)
a – (iv); b – (iii);c – (ii);d – (i)
a – (iii); b – (iv); c – (ii);d – (i)
a – (iv); b – (iii); c – (i); d – (ii)

Section-B

36.Following is the schematic structure of the transcription unit having some components indicated by(a), (b), (c), (d) and (e).In which of four options the components are identified correctly?


(a) Terminator ,(b) Transcription start site, (c) Promoter, (d) Template strand, (e) Coding strand
(a)Promoter,(b)Transcription start site,(c)Terminator,(d)Coding strand ,(e)Template strand
a:promoter; b:Transcription start site; c: Terminator; d:Template strand; e: Coding strand
(a)Promoter,(b)Transcription start site,(c)Promoter,(d)Coding strand ,(e)Template strand

37.The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the ...A... At the end a ...B... factor binds to ...C... codon, terminating translation and releasing the complete polypeptide from the ribosome. Choose the correct option for A, B, and C.

A-mRNA; B – Stop; C – Release
A-mRNA; B – Release; C – Stop
A-tRNA; B – Release; C – Stop
A-tRNA; B – Stop; C – Release

38.Consider the following sentences and choose the correct ones.
I. Each gene contains a specièc promoter region and a leader sequence for guiding the beginning of transcription.
II. Only one strand of DNA, called template strand is copied by RNA polymerase this strand runs in 3' 5' direction.
III. RNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides, to 3' end forming single strand mRNA in 5' - 3' direction.
IV. Section of DNA that has been transcribed is rewound into its original configuration.

II, III and IV
II and IV
I, II and IV
I, II, III and IV

39.Identify the correct statements.
a. In a transcription unit, the promoter is located at the '5' end of coding strand
b. The single-strand DNA having the polarity 5'------ 3' is the template strand.
c. RNA polymerase binds to the operator during transcription.
d. Single base DNA differences occur in humans are called Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs).

Statements a and b
Statements b and c
Statements b and d
Statements a and d

40.An mRNA has 200 codons and last codons are UAA. How many amino acids are coded by that mRNA

199
198
200
197

41.Listed below are the stages in the cellular synthesis of a protein.
a) Movement of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm
b) Linking of adjacent amino acid molecules
c) Transcription for mRNA from a DNA template
d) Formation of the polypeptide chain
e) Attachment of the mRNA strand to a ribosome
In which order do these stages take place?

(a) => (c) => (b) => (e) => (d)
(a) => (e) => (c) => (b) => (d)
(c) => (a) => (e) => (b) => (d)
(c) => (d) => (a) => (b) => (e)

42.A codon consists of three bases and there are four different kinds of bases in a nucleic acid altogether. How many codons will be there?

60
64
$3^4$
$4^6$

43.Termination of protein synthesis or translation requires
I. stop signal
II. starting coding
III. Release factor
IV. GUG and AUG codon.
Choose the correct combination

I and III
II and III
III and IV
I, II, III and IV

44.Which of the following factor is required for protein synthesis?
I. Initiation codon
II. GTP and ATP
III. Peptidyl transferase
IV. tRNA
V. mRNA
VI. Amino acid activating enzyme
VII. rRNA
Choose the correct combination

I, II III
III, IV, V
V, VI, VII
all of these

45.Which of the following steps of translation does not consume a high energy phosphate bond

Peptidyl transferase reaction
Aminoacid tRNA binding to A site
Translocation
Aminoacid activation

46.Find the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA which codes for the sequence of amino acids -
'Met - Leu -Val - Arg-Ala' and choose the correct option from below

AUG -GAU - GAA - UAU - UGU
AUG -GAU - GAA - CGU - GCC
AUG - CUA - GUG - UAU - UGU
AUG - CUA - GUG - CGU - GCC

47.On the Basis of Given DNA Fingerprint, match their children’s (K and L) with their respective parent (A,B, C, D)


K-A, L-A
K-A, L-D
K-A, L-C
K-B, L-A

48.Find the wrong from the following

DNA from every tissue from an Individual show the same degree of Polymorphism
Somatic Mutations are Expressed in Next generation
The tandemly repeated copy number varies from chromosome to chromosome in an Individual
In Monozygotic twins number of tandem repeats of chromosomes are same

49.DNA Probe is used for

DNA Finger Printing
Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria
Medical Genetics to find whether a person carries a particular gene or not
All the Above

50.Select the correct match with respect to findings of HGP.

Largest gene = 200 bp
Smallest gene = Holandric Chromosome
EST = 1.4 Million Locations
Chromosome 1 = Largest genes