EVOLUTION

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Section-A

1.Evolutionary convergence is the development of

Common set of characters in closely related groups
Common set of characters in the group of different ancestry
Random mating
Dissimilar characters in the closely related groups

2.In a given population, the __A__ of occurrence of alleles of a gene is supposed to remain __B__ and even remain the same through generations. Hardy-Weinberg principle stated it using __C__ equation
Choose the correct option for A, B and C to complete the given NCERT statement

A-frequency, B-unstable, C-algebraic
A-frequency, B-stable, C-algebraic
A-frequency, B-stable, C-simple
A-frequency, B-stable, C-complex

3.Identify what is indicated in the given diagram?

I. Natural selection
II. Adaptive radiation
III. Ecological succession
IV. Different species of finches by mutation

I and II
I and III
III and IV
II and IV

4.Comparative anatomy and morphology shows __A__ and __B__ among organisms of today and those that existed years ago. Such similarities can be interpreted to understand whether __C__ ancestors were shared or not
Choose the correct option for A, B and C the complete the given NCERT statement

A-similarities, B-differences, C-common
A-similarities, B-differences, C-different
A-complexities, B-differences, C-different
A-complexities, B-differences, C-common

5.Which of the following defines Hardy –Weinberg law?

$p^2+2pq+q^2=1$
$p^2+2pq+q^2=1$
$p^2+2pq+q^2=0$
$q^2+p^2+2pq=0$

6.Tendrils in plants are an example of

Convergent evolution
Radiation
Divergent evolution
Co-evolution

7.Two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution are
I. branching descent
II. use and disuse of organs
III. natural selection
IV. somatic variance
The correct combination is

I and II
III and IV
I and III
II and IV

8.Coacervates are

Protobionts having polysaccharide, protein and $H_2 O$
Protein aggregate
Protein and lipid aggregates
None of the above

9.Atavism is found in

Animals
Plants
Both of these
None of these

10.I. Random selection
II. Convergent evolution
III. Genetic drift
IV. Divergent evolution
Choose the correct option for Sewell’s effect from above option

I and II
III and IV
Only III
Only IV

11.‘Use and disuse’ theory was proposed by

Lamarck
Darwin
Hugo de Vries
Malthus

12.Organic evolution means

Cumulative change of living population
Progressive development of an organ
Development of different races
History of human races

13.Which is not true of Archaeopteryx?

Jaws are modified into beak
Tail is bony and long
Forelimbs are modified into wings
Connecting link between birds and amphibians

14.All organism shares the same types of proteins and biochemical pathways. This supports the fact that

Evolution occurs very fast
Life began on earth a long time ago
All organism have common ancestry
Evolution is an ongoing process

15.Change of frequency of alleles in a population results in evolution. This statement is proposed in

Darwin’s theory
Lamarck’s theory
Hardy –Weinberg principle
de Vries theory

16.Biological concept of species is mainly based on

Reproductive isolation
Morphological features only
Methods of reproduction only
Morphology and methods of reproduction

17.Darwin judged the fitness of an individual by

Ability to defend itself
Strategy to obtain food
Number of offsprings
Dominance over other individuals

18.Evolution convergence is characterized by

Development of dissimilar characteristics in closely related groups
Replacement of common characteristics in different groups
Development of a common set of characteristics in groups of different ancestry
Development of characteristics by random mating

19.Darwin’s finches provide an excellent evidence in favour of organic evolution. These are related to which of the following evidences?

Embryology
Palaeontology (or fossils)
Anatomy
Biogeography (or geographic distribution)

20.Darwin proposed the theory of

Inheritance of acquired characters
Natural selection
Recapitulation
Continuity of germplasm

21.Theoretically population size grows __A__, if everybody reproduced maximally and the fact that the population size in reality is __B__, means that there had been competition for resources
Choose the correct option for A and B to complete the given statement with reference to NCERT text book

A-geographically; B-unlimited
A-exponentially; B-unlimited
A-exponentially; B-limited
A-geographically; B-limited

22.Which of the following sequences was proposed by Darwin and Wallace for organic evolution?

Over-production, constancy of population size, variations, natural selection
Variations, natural selection, over-production, constancy of population size
Over -production, variations, constancy of population size, natural selection
Variations, constancy of population size, over-production, natural selection

23.Gene flow takes flow by

Intrabreeding between one population to another
Intrabreeding between one population only
Intrabreeding between one population to another
Intrabreeding between one population only

24.‘XX’ lived 100000-40000 years ago, in Europe, Asia and Africa. ‘XX’ was short stature, hairy eyebrows, sctreating forehead and large jaws. Identify ‘XX’

Neanderthal man
Homo habilis
Cro-magnon man
Dryopithecus

25.Which of the following is not a correct pair?

Mesozoic era - Age of mammals
Origin of species - Charles Darwin
Study of fossil – Palaeontology
Mutation theory – Hugo de Vries

26.Natural selection means

Better adaptability
Elimination of less adapted
Better survival
All of the above

27.Which of the following is not an example of evolutionary change?

The dark form of many moth species has increased in areas with increased pollution
Penicillin resistant forms of bacteria have arisen, by the introduction of antibiotics
The last American eagle dies off, leading to the extinction of the species
All of the above

28.Related species which are reproductively isolated but mophologically similar are called

Sibling
Sympatric
Allopatric
Morphospecies

29.‘Darwin natural selection theory’ could not explain

Retention of characters of no use or vestigial organ
Giraffe has long neck
Giraffe has long legs
Survival of the fittest

30.In which era, life was absent?

Archaeozoic
Palaeozoic
Proterozoic
Azoic

31.Match the following columns

Column-I Column-II
(A)Genetic drift (1) Change in the population’s allele frequency due to chance alone
(B)Natural selection (2) Difference in survival individuals
(C)Gene flow (3) Immigration or emigration changes the allele frequency
(D)Mutation (4) Source of the new alleles

A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4
A-1,B-2,C-4,D-3
A-1,B-4,C-2,D-3
A-4,B-2,C-1,D-3

32.Match the following columns

Column-I Column-II
(A)Van Hoff’s rule (1) Body size
(B)Bergman’s rule (2) Metabolic rate
(C)Allen’s rule (3) Development
(D)Jordan’s rule (4) Organ size

A-1,B-2,C-4,D-3
A-3,B-4,C-2,D-1
A-2,B-1,C-3,D-4
A-2,B-1,C-4,D-3

33.Given diagram depicts

Analogous organs
Homologous organs
Vestigial organs
Heterologous organs

34.Factor affecting the process of speciation are
I. Mutation
II. Recombination
III. Natural selection
IV. Hybridisation
V. Genetic drift
VI. Polyploid
VII. Isolation
Choose the correct combination

I, II, V, VII and VI
II, VI, IV, III and V
III, IV, V, VII and II
I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII

35.Hybridized sterile (2n) plant can be converted into a fertile species by doubling the chromosomes through induced polyploidy. Such plants are called

Diploid
Tetraploids
Amphidiploids
Amphitetraploids

Section-B

36.Choose the wrong statements
I. The essence of Darwinian theory about evolution can be seen in the phenomenon of natural selection
II. The rate of appearance of new forms is not linked to the evolution
III. Adaptive ability is a complete evolution
IV. Mutations are random and directionless
The correct option is

I and II
III and II
I and III
I and IV

37.Identify what the given diagram indicates


Convergent evolution
Divergent evolution
Recapitulation
Parallel evolution

38.The process by which different type of finches were evolved in Galapagos islands is

Adaptive radiation
Geographic similarity
Geographic dissimilarity
Unadaptive radiation

39.Which of the following examples supports Lamarckism?

Webbed toes of aquatic bird
Cave dwellers
Flightless bird
All of these

40.In the theory of evolution, Lamarck explained
I. internal vital force
II. effect of environment on organisms
III. inheritance of acquired characters
IV. use and disuse of organs
Choose the correct combination

I and II
II and III
I, II and IV
I, II, III and IV

41.In the given picture of human evolution, identify the missing stages, i.e.,A and C


A-Homo erectus; C-Cro-magnon man
A-Homo erectus; C-Australopithecus
A-Cro-magnon man; C-Australopithecus
A-Cro-magnon man; C-Homo erectus

42.The diagram represent Miller’s experiment. Choose the correct combination of labelling.


A-Electrodes;B-$NH_3+H_2+H_2 O+CH_4$;C- Cold water;D- Vacuum;E- U-trap
A-Electrodes;B-$NH_4+H_2+CO_2+CH_3$;C- Hot water;D- Vacuum;E- U-trap
A-Electrodes;B-$NH_3+H_2 O$;C- Steam;D- U-trap;E- Vacuum
A-Electrodes;B-$NH_3+H_2+H_2 O+CH_4$;C- Steam;D- Vacuum; E- U-trap

43.Identify the correct sequence of stages in evolution of modern man/ Homo sapiens.

Australopithecus,Neanderthal man, Cromagnon man, Homo erectus and Modern man
Australopithecus,Homo erectus, Neanderthal man,Cromagnon man and Modern man
Homo erectus,Neanderthal man,Australopithecus, Cromagnon man and Modern man
Homo erectus,Australopithecus, Neanderthal man, Cromagnon man and Modern man

44.What is the relationship between the wing of a bird and the wing of a bat?

They are homologous because they represent modified forms of a trait present in a common ancestor (forelimbs)
They are analogous because while each carries out the same function (fight), this trait has arisen independently as a result of convergence
There is no relation between the wings of bird and wings of bat
They both have undergone severe mutation

45.A study of fossils in different sedimentary layers indicates

Physiological period in which they existed
Geological period in which they existed
Conditions in which they were living
All of the above

46.According to the heterotroph hypothesis, the first life on the earth was able to

Synthesis its food from inorganic compounds
Feed upon carbohydrates produced by autotrophs
Feed upon available nutrients in the environment
Carry on photosynthesis instead of respiration

47.Which of the following features are true for stabilizing type of natural selection?

Selection of averaged individual
It reduces variation
It is bell-shaped
All of the above

48.Arrange the periods of Palaeozoic era in ascending order in a geological time scale.

Cambrian –Ordovician –Silurian –Devonian –Carboniferous -Permian
Cambrian –Ordovician –Silurian –Devonian –Carboniferous -Permian
Cambrian –Ordovician – Devonian – Silurian –Carboniferous -Permian
Silurian – Devonian – Cambrian – Ordovician – Permian - Carboniferous

49.Bird with average sized wings survived in the severe storm but the short winged birds died. It shows

Stabilizing selection
Gene flow
Diversifying selection
Founder effect

50.Which of the following statements correctly defines the phenomenon of genetic drift?
I. Random change in gene allele frequency
II. Occur by chance
III. It is directional
IV. Causes elimination of certain alleles
V. Causes fixation of alleles
The correct combination is

I, II and III
III, IV and V
I, III and V
I, II, IV and V