வேதநதி

HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASES

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Section-A

1.Products from plants like Datura sp. are

Hallucinogen
Stimulants
Sedatives
Pain killers
Products from plants like Datura sp. are hallucinogens, Hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that cause an alteration in perception, thought or mood

2.Proliferation of cancer cells is not limited because of

Differing surface proteins
Differing cholesterol level
Deficiency of steroids
Aberrant chromosomal complement
Cancer cells do not respond to control mechanisms and do not show contact inhibition (differing surface proteins.).These cells proliferate in an unregulated manner and from clones of cells which can expand irregularly.

3.Infective stage of Plasmodium for men is

Merozoites
Ookinetes
Sporozoites
None of these
Infective stage of malaria is sporozoite, Plasmodium enters the human body as sporozoites (infectious form) through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito

4.Heroin

Is a depressant
Slows down body functions
As commonly called smack
All of the above
Heroin or smack is a central nervous system depressant, which means it slows down brain function and affects breathing (which can slow down or even stop)

5.Symptoms of allergic reaction includes

Watery eyes
Running nose
Respiratory complaints
All of these
Symptoms of allergic reactions are sneezing, water eyes, running nose, difficulty in breathing, etc.

6.Amoebiasis infection occurs by ingesting cysts along with food and drinks

True
False
Sometimes True and sometimes False
Neither True nor False
True. Amoebiasis infection is typically caused by the organism Entamoeba hitolytica, by ingesting food or water contaminated by infected faeces

7.Rejection of tissue or graft transplants is brought about mainly by

Cytotoxic T-cells
Suppressor T-cells
B-cells
Macrophages
Cytotoxic T-cells cause the rejection of tissue and organ transplants. Killer T-cells, also called cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs)

8.Bone marrow is the site for the development and maturation of

B-lymphocyte
T-lymphocyte
Both B and T lymphocyte
T-helper cells
Bone marrow provides the micro-environment for the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes

9.Which one of the following is useful in identifying the different strains of a causal microbe of an infectious disease?

Colchicines
Agrobacterium
Complementary DNA
Crystal violet
Temin and Baltimore (1970) independently discovered enzyme reverse transcriptase in retroviruses (RNA containing viruses). This enzyme can be used to construct a DNA copy, called complementary DNA (cDNA), of any RNA. Thus, this technique can be used in identification of disease causing infectious microbe.

10.Monoclonal antibodies are used for

Immune suppression for kidney transplantation
Growth induction
Suppression of symptoms of rabies
Treatment of breast cancer
During organ transplantation, to prevent rejection of donor organ, the recipient is given immunosuppressant drugs having challenging β-cells (plasma cells.). These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies.

11.The tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome on abrupt discontinuation of regular dose of drugs/alcohol is called

Depression
Dependence
Abnormalty
All of these
The tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome on abrupt discontinuation of regular dose of drugs/alcohol is called dependence

12.Regarding common cold consider the following statements
I. Rhinovirus is responsible for common cold which infects the nasal epithelium and respiratory passage but not the lungs
II. The symptoms of common cold included nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, gruffiness, cough, headache and tiredness
Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

Only I
Only II
I and II
None of these
Rhinovirus represents one such group of viruses, which causes one of the most infectious human ailments- the common cold. They infect the nose and respiratory passage. Symptoms of common cold are nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, tiredness, etc.

13.Amniocentesis detects

Deformity in brain
Deformity in heart
Hereditary diseases
All of these
The amniocentesis technique has been developed for detecting abnormalities by analysing chromosomal defects or aberration of the foetus.

14.Colostrum

Can be synthesized by the new born baby
Is a natural source of antibodies that secreted from the breast for the first few days after birth
Contain primarily fat
Is a enzyme involved in stimulating lactation
Colostrum is the first fluid secreted by the mammary glands after childbirth. Although deficient in many nutrients found in milk-colostrum contains large quantities of antibodies that cross the intestinal mucosa and enter the infant’s blood

15.Which of the following statements best describes the role of reverse transcriptase?

Synthesis of RNA from genomic RNA
Synthesis of DNA from genomic RNA
Synthesis of DNA from genomic RNA
Synthesis of mRNA from genomic DNA
Reverse transcriptase is basically a DNA polymerase enzyme, which transcribes single stranded RNA into double stranded DNA

16.Rat, carries rat fleas, which are the causal organism of

Typhus fever
Tick fever
Bubonic plague
Yellow fever
Rat carries rat fleas, which causes bubonic plague and bite of rat causes rat fever.

17.Which one of the following correctly matches a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) with its pathogen?

AIDS - Bacillus anthracis
Syphilis - Treponema pallidum
Urethritis - Entamoeba gingivalis
Gonorrhoea - Leishmania donovani
Syphilis - Treponema pallidum
AIDS - HIV
Gonorrhoea - Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Pyrrhoea - Entamoeba gingivalis
Anthrax - Bacillus anthracis
Uretheritis - Inflammation of the urethra by bacteria

18.Immunological destruction of body tissue or its products due to antibodies reacting with it as foreign antigen is called

Immunodeficiency disease
Auto-immune disease
Prophylaxis
None of the above
Immunological destruction of body tissue or product due to antibodies reacting with it as non self antigen is called autoimmune disease

19.Regarding lymphocytes consider the following statement
I. The T-lymphocytes form Cell Mediated Immune System (CMIS)
II. The T-lymphocytes cells do not secrete antibodies but help the B-lymphocyte cell to produce them
Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

Only I
Only II
I and II
None of these
The T-lymphocytes mediate Cell Mediated Immune System (CMI). The B-lymphocytes produce an army of proteins in response to pathogens into our blood to fight with them. These proteins are called antibodies. The T-cells themselves do not secrete antibodies but help B-cells produce them

20.With regard to the transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Which one of the following statements is not correct?

The chances of transmission from female to male are twice as likely as from male to female
The chances of transmission are more if a person suffers from other sexually transmitted infections
An infected mother can transmit the infection to her baby during pregnancy at child birth and by breast feeding
The risk of contracting infection from transfusion of infected blood is much higher than an exposure to contaminate needle
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has three transmission.
(i)Through sexual intercourse (65%).
(ii)Transmission through blood transfusion, blood products and contaminated equipments (10%).
(iii) Transmission from mother to baby (25%).

21.Interferon is a type of

Anti-bacterial protein
Anti-viral protein
Complex protein
Anti-clotting protein
Interferons block viral reproduction in healthy cells through the production of antiviral protiens

22.Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
I. belongs to the group retrovirus
II. has RNA genome enclosed in an envelope
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Only I
Only II
I and II
None of these
AIDS disease is caused by the member of retrovirus group. The genome of retroviruses is made up of RNA and each virus has two single chains of RNA. In the viral envelopes, the outer coat of the virus, consisting of two layers of lipids with various proteins embedded in it

23.Which of the following is the correct matching of a disease with its causative organism and mode of infection?

Pneumonia - Streptococcus pneumonia - Droplet infection
Typhoid - Salmonella typhi - With inspired air
Malaria - Plasmodium vivax - Bite of infected male Anopheles mosquitoo
Elephantiasis - Wuchereria bancrofti - With contaminated food and water
Bacteria like Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza are responsible for the disease pneumonia in humans. A healthy person acquires the infection by inhaling the droplets released by an infected person

24.Side effects of anabolic steroids in females include
I. masculinization
II. aggressiveness
III. mood swings, depression
IV. abnormal menstrual cycle
V. excessive facial and body hair
Choose the correct option

I, II and III
I, II, III and IV
II, III, IV and V
I, II, III, IV and V
The side-effects of the use of anabolic steroids in females include masculinization (features like males), increased aggressiveness, mood swings, depression, abnormal menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth on the face and body; enlargement of clitoris, deepening of voice

25.DTP vaccine is given for

Tetanus, polio, plague
Diphtheria, whooping cough and leprosy
Diphtheria, pneumonia, tetanus
Diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
DPT vaccine is given for three bacterial diseases, i.e., diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae; pertussis or whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis and tetanus by Clostridium tetani.

26.Which one the following statements is false?

Psychoactive drugs have the ability to alter the activity of the nervous system
Adolescence is marked by accelerated physical growth, development of reproductive organs and changes in functioning of the neuroendocrine system
Hallucinogen can alter a person’s thoughts, feeling and perceptions
Mescaline is a stimulant
Mescaline is a water soluble, alkaloid, obtained from the crowns of cactus Lophophora (Echinococus) williamsii. These dried crown or mescal buttons cause hallucinations, when chewed.

27.Cannabinoid are the group of chemicals, which interact with cannabinoid receptors present principally in

Brain
Neuron
Nephron
Dendron
Cannabinoid are a group of chemicals, which interact with cannabinoid receptors present principally in the brain

28.Select the correct statement from the set given below
I. Growing number of people are taking LSD and other drugs like barbiturates and amphetamines
II. Several plants, fruits and seed having hallucinogenic properties have been used in folk-medicine
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Only I
Only II
I and II
None of these
Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, Lysergic Acid Diethylamides (LSD), and other similar drugs, that are normally used as medicines to help patient cope with mental illnesses like depression and insomnia, are often abused. Several plants, fruits and seeds having hallucinogenic properties have been used for hundreds of years in folk- medicine, religious ceremonies and rituals all over the globe

29.Necessary steps for achieving good health are
I. awareness about disease
II. vaccination
III. proper disposal of wastes
IV. maintenance of hygienic food and water resources
V. Water resources
The correct combination having necessary steps is

I, II and III
II, III and IV
I, III and IV
I, II, III and IV
Good health is maintained by balanced diet, personal hygiene, regular exercises, awareness about disease, vaccination against infectious diseases, proper disposal of wastes, control of vectors and maintenance of hygienic food and water resources

30.The lymph nodes
I. are small solid structures throughout the body
II. filter lymph fluid as it flows through them, trapping bacteria, viruses and other antigens, which are them destroyed by lymphocytes
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Only I
Only II
I and II
None of these
The lymph nodes are small solid structures located at different points along the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes serve to trap the microorganisms or other antigens, which happen to get into the lymph and tissue fluid

31.The ‘Christmas disease’ patient lacks antihaemophilic

Homogentisic acid oxidase
Factor-VIII
Factor-XI
Factor-IX
The christmas disease patient lacks anti-haemophilic factor-IX.

32.Drugs, that are normally used as medicines to help the patients cope with mental illness are

Barbiturates
Amphetamines
Lysergic acid diethyl amides
All of the above
Drugs like barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, Lysergic Acid Diethyl (LSD) amides and other similar drugs, that are normally used as medicines to help patients cope with mental illnesses like depression and insomnia, are often abused

33.Smack is a drug obtained from the

Latex of Papaver somniferum
Leaves of Cannabis sativa
Flowers of Datura
Fruits of Erythroxylum coca
Smack is obtained by acetylation of morphine, which is extracted from the latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum

34.Antibody production is assisted by

Monocytes
Natural killer cells
T-lymphocytes
Phagocyte
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell, which are an important part of the immune system. Two special types of lymphocytes are present in our blood, i.e., B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes.
The B-lymphocytes produce an army of proteins in response to pathogen into our blood to fight with them. These proteins are called antibodies

35.AIDS is the condition where

The patients immune system is completely destroyed
The patient succumbs to various infect, has wasting and develops symptoms such as fever, diarrhoea and weight loss
The patients immune system is completely destroyed and The patient succumbs to various infect, has wasting and develops symptoms such as fever, diarrhoea and weight loss
Virus multiply in T-cytotoxic cells
In AIDS, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the cells of the immune system. The immune system weakens no that the body cannot defined against various bacteria, viruses and other germs

Section-B

36.A transplant between individuals of the same species, but with different MHC/HLA alleles is

Autograft
Isograft
Xenograft
Allograft
In AIDS, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the cells of the immune system. The immune system weakens no that the body cannot defined against various bacteria, viruses and other germs

37.Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to AIDS?

The HIV can be transmitted through eating food together with an infected person
Drug addicts are least susceptible to HIV infection
AIDS patients are being fully cured cent per cent with proper care and nutrition
The causative HIV retrovirus enters helper T-lymphocytes thus, reducing their numbers
In AIDS patients, the virus attacks on $CD_4$+ T-cells (helper T-lymphocytes responsible for the coordination of the entire immune system), infecting and killing them until none are left. Without these crucial immune system cells, the body cannot mould a defence against invading bacteria or viruses.

38.A doctor advises a patient to include yellow fruits, carrots and butter in his diet. What deficiency disease do you think the patient is suffering from?

Night blindness
Colour blindness
Kwashiorkor diseases
Marasmus disease
Night blindness (nyctalopia) is caused due o deficiency of vitamin-A. The parent substance of vitamin-A is β-carotene, which is called a provitamin. It is obtained from fish, liver, oils, milk, carrot, spinach, tomatoes, etc.

39.Antibodies are the glycoproteins which

Provides localized protection in external secretions against bacteria and viruses
Involved in allergic and hypersensitivity
Helps in complement activation
All of the above
There are five types of antibodies
Antibodies - Functions
IgA - Localized protection in external secretions
IgD - Antigen recognition by B-cells
IgE - It is involved in allergic reaction
IgG - Complement activation
IgM - Complement activation

40.Match the correct combination

Leishamania donovani - Sleeping sickness
Wuchereria bancrofti - Filariasis
Amoeba proteus - Kala-azar
Anopheles maculipensis - Malaria
Filariasis (Elephantiasis) is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. This dissease is charecterized by swelling of the legs, scrotum and some other parts of the body.

41.Both sickle cell anaemia and Huntington’s chorea are

Bacteria-related diseases
Congenital disorders
Pollutant-induced disorders
Virus-related diseases
Both sickle cell anaemia and Huntington’s chorea are congenital genetic disorders. Sickle cell anaemia was first reported by James Herrick (1904). In this disease, the patient’s haemoglobin level reduced to half of the normal and the RBCs becomessickle shaped. A single mutation in a gene can cause sickle cell anaemia. Huntington’s chorea is caused by autosomal mutation, which is dominant. The gene is present on 4-chromosome numbers.

42.The term ‘Vaccine’ was introduced by

Jenner
Koch
Pasteur
Jointly by Koch and Pasteur
Vaccine is a preparation containing dead or inactivated viruses or other microorganisms that on introduction in human body stimulate the formation of antibodies to fight against disease. First vaccine was prepared by Edward Jenner against cowpox.

43.If a quick immune response is needed as in tetanus infection, preformed antibodies or antitoxin is injected into the patient body. This type of immunization is called

Active immunization
Passive immunisation
Innate immunity
Humoral immunity
If a quick immune response is needed as in tetanus infection, preformed antibodies or antitoxin is injected into the patient. This type of immunization is called passive immunization

44.Interferon is a type of protein, which is used to cure

Homeostatic disorder
Hepatitis caused by virus
Common cold caused by virus
Both Hepatitis and Common cold caused by virus
Interferon (a kind of protein) is a polypeptide produced by a T-cell infected with a virus that diffuses to surrounding cells and stimulates them to manufacture bio-chemicals that harm viral replication

45.Select the true statement
I. AIDS has no cure, prevention is the best option
II. During HIV infection, the person suffers from fever, weight loss and diarrhoea
III. HIV is a retrovirus, which means its genetic material is DNA

I and II
I and III
II and III
None of these
All the groups of viruses contains RNA and reverse transcriptase, including the virus that causes AIDS

46.If a person shows production of interferons in his body, the chances are that he got an infection of

Malaria
Measles
Typhoid
Tetanus
Interferons are produced in response of viral infection and measles is a viral disease.

47.The rejection of organ transplanting in humans is prevented by using

Aspirin
Cyclosporine
Calcitionin
Thrombin
Cyclosporin is an immuno suppressant. It is a chemical which suppresses immune reaction of the body towards transplanted organs thus, it prevents the rejection of organ transplanting in humans.

48.Genetic counsellors can identify heterozygous individuals by

Height of individuals
Colour of individuals
Screening procedures
All of the above
Genetic screening is a part of genetic counselling, which includes prenatal diagnosis, carrier diagnosis and predictive diagnosis.

49.Consider the following statements
I. Neural system and endocrine system influences our immune system
II. Immune system maintains our health
Which of the statement (s) given above is/are correct?

Only I
Only II
I and II
None of these
Nervous system and endocrine system directly influence our immune system. Our immune system have three line of defence when it comes to fighting illnesses and infectious diseases

50.Malarial parasite is introduced into the blood of man as a

Metacryptozoite
Schizont
Oocyte
Sporozoite
The infective stage of Plasmodium, inoculated into human blood by female Anopheles is a minute from called sporozoite. These are present in the saliva of female Anopheles mosquito.