வேதநதி

Morphology of Flowering Plants

A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 B 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Section-A

1.Nodes are the region of stem where

Roots are born
Leaves are born
Stilt root are born
Prop root are born
The stem bears nodes and internodes. The region of the stem where leaves are borne are called nodes while internodes are the portions between two nodes. The stem bears buds, which may be terminal or axillary. Stem is generally green when young and later often become woody and dark brown

2.Fruit formed without fertlisation of ovary is called

Cypsela fruit
Parthenocarpic fruit
Drupe fruit
Pome fruit
Fruit formed without fertilisation of ovary is called parthenocarpic fruit. Parthenocarpic tomato fruit can be produced by treating the plants with low concentration of gibberallic acid and auxin

3.The diagram of the section of a maize gain is given blow. Identify the parts labeled A, B, C, and D.

A-Endosperm,B-Coleoptile,C-Scutellum,D-Aleurone layer
A-Cotyledon,B-Coleoptile,C-Scutellum,D-Epithelium
A-Endosperm,B-Coleoptile,C-Scutellum,D-Epithelium
A-Endosperm,B-Coleoptile,C-Scutellum,D-Radicle
For the given figure,
A. Endosperm
B- Coleoptile
C- Scutellum
D- Radicle

4.The reticulate venation is commonly found in the leaves of

Monocot plants
Dicot plants
Bryophytes
Thallophytes
In reticulate venation, the veins are arranged in a net-like manner, e.g., most of the dicots. Some dicot plants like Calophullum, Corymbium and Eryngium show parallel venation.

5.The plant having monadelphous stamens and axile placentation is

Lemon
Pea
Tomato
China rose
In monodelphous stamens , fliments units to form one bundle, e.g., Malvaceae. In axile placentation, placentae are axial and the ovules are attached to it multilocular ovary, as in China rose, tomato and lemon.

6.$⚥K_{(5)} C_{1+2+(2)} A_{(9)+1} $G$_1$ is the floral diagram of the family

Fabaceae
Solanaceae
Liliaceae
Papaveraceae
Floral characters of family-Fabaceae
Inflorescence Racemose
Flower Bisexual, zygomorphic
Calyx Sepals five, gamosepalous, imbricate, aestivation
Corolla Petals five, polypetalous, papilionaceous, consisting of a posterior standard, two lateral wings, two anterior ones forming a keel (enclosing stamens and pistil), vexillary aestivation
Androecium Ten, diadelphous, anther dithecous
Gynoecium Ovary superior, monocarpellary, unilocular with many ovules, style single
Fruit Legume, seed, one to many, non-endospermic

7.Which of the following two are the resultant of stipule modifications?
I.Spines in Ziziphus.
II.Tendrils in Smilax.
III.Tendrils in Nepenthes.
IV.Spines in Argemone.
V.Thorns in Bougainvellea.

I and III
I and II
II and V
III and V
In smilax, stipules become elongated and function as tendril. Spines of Ziziphus and Acacia are modified stipules.

8.In a plant, the peduncle is elongated and it bears pedicillate flowers. The older flowers lie towards the base and the younger ones near the apex. The growth of the peduncle continues and more flowers are added. The inflorescence is

Raceme
Corymb
Umbel
Head
Raceme is a type of racemose inflorescence, in which pedicellate or stalked bisexual flowers are found acropetaly on an unbranched, continuously growing peduncle, e.g., mustard, radish, etc.

9.The fruit of Solanaceae is

Berry of capsule
Pome
Legume of pod
Drupe
In family-Solanaceae, the fruits are berry or bacca. They have a thin Epicarp, fleshy mesocarp and a thin endocarp. They usually develop from a superior ovary and their seeds get detached from the palcenta at maturity.

10.Which of the following correctly represents the types of fruits given?

A-Berry, B-Caryopsis, C-Drupe, D-Sorosis, E-Aggregate
B-Berry, C-Caryopsis, D-Drupe, A-Sorosis, E-Aggregate
B-Berry, C-Caryopsis, D-Drupe, E-Legume, A-Aggregate
B-Berry, C-Caryopsis, D-Drupe, A-Sorosis, E-Legume

11.In floral formula, ‘K’ and ‘C’ stands for

K-Corolla, C-Calyx
K-Calyx, C-Corolla
K-Calyx, C-Calyx
K-Corolla, C-Corolla
K-Calyx, C-Corolla.

Symbols used for floral formula
Br- Bracteate
EBr - Ebracteate
Brl- Bracteolate
EBrl – Ebracteolate
⨁ - Actinomorphic
% - Zygomorphic
$⚥$ - Perfect or bisexual
N- Necter
$♀$ – Female
C- Corolla, petals
$♂$ - Male
A- Androecium, stamens
K – Calyx, sepal
Std – Staminodes
P – Parianth, tepal
G – Gynoecium, Carpel

12.Select the correct statements.
I. From the region of elongation, some of the epidermal cells from root hairs.
II. Pneumatophores are seen in Rhizophora.
III. Adventitious roots are seen in the banyan tree.
IV. Maize and sugarcane have prop roots.

I and IV
I, III and IV
III and IV
II and III
In some plants such as Rhizophora growing in swampy areas, many roots come out of the ground and grow vertically upwards. Such roots, called pneumatophore, help to get oxygen for respiration.
In banyan tree, adventitious roots are hanging structure arising from nodes of horizontally growing branches. Such roots are called prop roots.

13.A fibrous root system is excellent for

food storage
nitrogen fixation
absorbing water from deeper layer of soil
providing good anchorage for the plant
Fibrous root system (surface feeder tap root system) represents the tap root, which does not elongate deep into the soil and its fibrous secondary roots mostly horizontally to a greater extent near to the soil surface. This fibrous root system is excellent for providing good anchorage for the plant.

14.Which of the following is incorrect about the diagram A and B?

Tap roots of carrot, turnip and adventitious root of sweet potato get swollen and store food
Pneumatophores help to get oxygen for respiration
Pneumatophores are found in the plants that grows in sandy soil
A is underground roots, but B grows vertically upwards
Pneumatophores are found in the plant inhabitants of the marshy area, e.g., Rhizophora. These type of roots performs the function of respiration

15.Modified shoots wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem is called

Flower
Inflorescence
Shoot buds
Both Flower and Shoot buds
Flower is a modified shoot, which performs the function of reproduction. The arrangement and distribution of flower over a plant is called inflorescence. Inflorescence is the name of modified shoot that is specialised to bear flower. The axis of inflorescence is called peduncle. A flattened peduncle is called receptacle

16.Flower is always solitary when

Shoot bud transforms into flower
Shoot tip transforms into flower
Lateral shoot transforms into flower
Horizontal shoot transforms into flower
When shoot tip transforms into flower, it is always solitary

17.Nutation movements is shown by

Root
Stem
Tendril
None of these
Nutation movements are shown by tendrils, which get spirally coiled due to more growth on outer side.

18.Expanded green stem of Opuntia is called

Phylloclade
Tendril
Bulbs
Cladode
Phylloclade is a modified stem or branch of unlimited growth. It consists several nodes and internodes and may be flat or circular, fleshy, photosynthetic like green leaf, e.g., Opuntia.

19.In the members of family-Malvaceae, anthers are described as

Diadelphous and dithecous
Diadelphous and monothecous
Monodelphous and monothecous
Monadelphous and dithecous
The androecium of family-Malvaceae consists of indefinite stamens. The stamens are monodelphous, i.e., united into one bundle by filaments and monothecous, i.e., single celled anther. The anther dehisce transversely.

20.I. Standard petals
II. Wing petal
III. Keel petals
Above petals are found in

Valvate aestivation
Twisted aestivation
Imbricate aestivation
Vexillary aestivation
Vexillary aestivation has unique type of aestivation in which the largest petals is called standard, which overlaps the two lateral petal, called wings. Wings overlaps the two smallest anterior petal called keel. e.g., pea and bean

21.I. Bear leaves and branches
II. Conduction of water and minerals
III. Storage of food
These are the functions of

Root
Stem
Leaves
Root cap
Characteristics of stem
(i) Stem develops from plumule of embryo
(ii) Stem is ascending part of the plant axis
(iii) It bears terminal bud growth
(iv) The stem differentiated into nodes and internodes
(v) The young stem is capable of performing photosynthesis
(vi) Stem are usually positively phototropic, negatively geotropic and negatively hydrotropic

22.Respiratory roots are found in

Rhizopus
Orchids
Vallisneria
Mangrove plants
Respiratory roots or pneumatophores are special, negatively geotropic root branches meant for gaseous exchange or respiration. These are found in some vascular plants growing in the water of tidal swamps, e.g., mangrove plants (Rhizophora) or halophytic plants.

23.Multicarpellary, apocarpous, gynoecium with superior ovary is characteristic feature of the family

Papaveraceae
Mystaceae
Ranunculaceae
Rutaceae
The Multicarpellary apocarpous gynoecium with superior ovary is the characteristics feature of the family-Ranunculaceae

24.If a primary root continues to grow, the type of root system will be known as

Secondary
fibrous
tap
stilt
When the primary root, which develops from the radicle of the embryo remains as the main root throughout the life of the plant and grows straight downwardly in the soil, it is called tap root, e.g., roots in dicot plants.

25.Percentage (%) sign is used for

Actinomorphic flower
Zygomorphic flower
Incomplete flower
Epigynous flower
When the flower is bilaterally symmetrical, i.e., divisible into only two equal halves by a single vertical plane, it is termed as zygomorphic, e.g., Adhatoda, pea, Larkspur, Ocimum, etc, the zygomorphic condition of flower is represented by the sign %.

26.The bladder of Utricularia and pitchers of Nepenthes are modification of

Stems
Leaves
Roots
Flowers
In insectivorous plant Nepenthes, the lamina forms the pitcher, the lid represents the apex, and the petiole is tendrilar, whereas leaf base is flattened. In Utricularia, which is submerged floating hydrophyte, the leaves are dissected and some of the leaf segments get modified into tiny bladders.

30.Male reproductive organ (flower) consists of

Stalk
Thalamus
Anther
Both Stalk and Anther
Male reproductive organ stamin is consisted of stalk and anther.
Androecium is composed of stamens. Each stamen which represents the male reproductive organ consists of stalk or a filament and an anther

28.Offset is a type of stem present in

Pistia
Colocasia
Oxalis
Potato
Offsets are only one internode long, thicker, small runners bearing a cluster of leaves in rosette manner above the water or ground level and adventitious roots below the water or ground level arising from all nodes, e.g., Pistia (water lettuce), Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), etc.

29.Thorn is a modified branch because

It is hard, straight and pointed
It is a part of the plant
It arises in the axil of a leaf
It is a defensive organ
Thorn is a modified branch because it arises in the axil of a leaf.

30.Juicy hair-like structures observed in the lemon fruit develop from

Endocarp
Mesocarp and endocarp
Exocarp
Mesocarp
In lemon, juicy hair-like structures develop from endcarp.

31.Which one of the following is an example for sub-aerial modification of stem?

Agave
Oxalis
Asparagus
Tridax
Oxalis (wood sorrel) is an example of runners, which are the sub-aerial weak stem modification. Runners are those creepers that grow horizontal or prostrate in all directions above the ground, possess long internodes and nodes bearing scale leaves and adventitious roots on the lower side.

32.Stems are

Positively phototropic
Negatively geotropic
Negatively hydrotropic
All of the above
Positively phototropic, negatively geotropic, negatively hydrotropic are fundamental characters of stem

33.Starch is insoluble in water, yet it is accumulated in large quantities in potato tuber because

It is useful for storage
Tubers respire slowly
Starch is synthesized in tubers
Translocated sucrose is polymerized here
Starch is insoluble in water but it is useful for storage. During night, it is stored in various storage organs but it is mainly found in underground stems (or tubers), in the seeds of cereals (e.g., wheat, maize, rice, etc) and in fleshy roots.

34.Endosperm is consumed by developing embryo in the seed of

Coconut
Castor
Pea
Maize
In pea seed, endosperm is consumed by developing embryo.

35.Angiosperms differ from gymnosperms in

Seeds
Fruits
Male gametophyte
Female gametophyte
Fruit formation is the characteristic feature of angiosperms. There is no fruit formation in gymnosperms because there is no ovary.

Section-B

36.The economically important plant of Malvaceae is

Gossypium hirsutum
Hibiscus cannabis
Abelmoschus esculentum
All the above
Gossypium hirsutum (cotton), Hibiscus cannabis (kenaf, patsan) and Abelmoschus esculentus (lady finger, okra, ‘bhindi’) all are the economically useful plants of ‘Malvaceae’.

37.Which of these is an example for zygomorphic flower with imbricate aestivation?

Calotropis
Mustard
Canna
Cassia
Cassia belongs to family-Fabaceae. The flower is bracteates, pedicellate, hermapharodite, complete, zygomorphic and hypogynous. Descending imbricate aestivation is found.

38.United sepals are called _A_.
Free sepals are called _B_.
Here, A and B refers to

A-polysepalous; B-gamosepalous
A-gamosepalous; B-polysepalous
A-gamopetalous; B-polypetalous
A-polypetalouos; B-gamopetalus
The calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower and the members are called sepals. Generally, sepals are green, leaf like and protect the flower in the bud stage.
The calyx may be gamosepalous (sepals united) or polysepalous (sepals free)

39.Identify the position of gynoecium in the given diagrams A to D

A-Perigynous, B-Perigynous, C-Hypogynous, D-Epigynous
A-Epigynous, B-Perigynous, C-Hypogynous, D-Perigynous
A-Hypogynous, B-Perigynous, C-Perigynous,D-Epigynous
A-Hypogynous, B-Epigynous, C-Perigynous, D-Perigynous
(i) Hypogynous flower Gynoecium occupies its highest position. This is called the superior ovary e.g., mustard, China rose, brinjal

(ii) Perigynous flower Gynoecium is situated in the centre and other parts are situated at the same level. This condition is called half inferior ovary. e.g., plum, rose, peach

(iii) Epigynous flower The other part lies above the ovary. This condition is called the inferior ovary
e.g., of epigynous ovary cucumber, sunflower

40.A horizontal underground stem is a

Corm
Phylloclade
Rhizome
Rhizoid
Rhizome is perennial, fleshy dorsiventral and horizontal underground stem growing beneath the surface of soil. These may be root stock rhizome, e.g., banana or straggling rhizome, e.g., lotus, ginger, etc.

41.Identify the type of inflorescence in the given diagrams (A and B)

A-Racemose; B-Cymose
A-Cymose; B-Racemose
A-Cymose; B-Cymose
A-Racemose; B-Racemose
In the given diagram, there is no flower at the tip of shoot. So, it have indefinitely growth. The flower borne laterally

In cymose, the shoot tip ends with a terminal flower so it have limited growth

42.In the monocotyledon seeds, the endosperm is separated from the embryo by a distinct layer known as

Testa
Aleurone
Tegmen
Epithelium
The outermost layer of endosperm monocotyledonous seeds is called aleurone layer, which is rich in protein. The endosperm is separated from the embryo by a distinct layer called epithelium.

43.A flower which can be divided into equal vertical halves by more than one plane of division is

Actinomorphic
Zygomorphic
Heteromorphic
Cyclic
When the flowers are divisible into two equal halves by any radial plane, they are called actinomorphic.

44.Water and minerals absorption from soil are the function of

Root hair
Root cap
Stilt root
Prop roots
The root hairs increases the exposed surface of the roots of absorption of minerals and water from the soil. From the surface, the root hairs appear as white cottony fibres

45.The condition where filaments and anthers are fused throughout entire length is

Synandrous
Gynandrous
Protandrous
Syngenesious
In synandrous condition of androecium, the anthers and their filaments are fused and form a group.
In gynandrous condition, the stamens are fused with gynoecium.
In protandrous condition, male flowers become mature before female in a bisexual flower.
In syngenesious condition, anthers become fused but filaments remain free.

46.Treatment of seed at low temperature under moist conditions to break its dormancy is called

Scarification
Vernalisation
Chelation
Stratification
Stratification involves the treatment of seed at low temperature (5-10℃) under sufficiently moist conditions to break its dormancy and to induce germination.

47.Prop roots are the modification for

Support
Respiration
Storage food
Increasing mass
Prop or Pillar Roots They are thick pillar-like adventitious root, which grow from and support heavy horizontal branches of banyan tree. Initially, these roots are areal and hygroscopic. As the root reaches to the soil, they become thick and pillar-like

48.Stem tendrils are developed from the__. which are slender and spirally coiled

Terminal buds
Auxillary buds
Both Terminal and Auxillary
Shoot tip
Sem tendrils which develops from axillary buds are slender and spirally coiled and helps the plant to climb such as in gourds (cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon) and grapevines

49.Vivipary is seen in

Mangroves
Xerophytes
Hydrophytes
Mesophytes
Vivipary (germination of seed inside the fruit) is an important character of mangrove plants.

50.In unilocular ovary with a single ovule, the placentation is

Marginal
Basal
Free central
Axile
In basal placentation, ovary is bicarpellary syncarpous and unilocular, and a single ovule is borne at t5he base of ovary, e.g., marigold.